Table 2. Factors Associated With Opioid High-Risk Countiesa,b.
| Factor | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| % Male | 0.95 (0.89-1.02) | .15 |
| Provider density per 100 000 population | ||
| 10 Primary care clinicians | 0.89 (0.85-0.93) | <.001 |
| 10 Mental health clinicians | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | .78 |
| % Unemployed | 1.09 (1.03-1.15) | .001 |
| % With no high school education or GED | 0.95 (0.93-0.98) | .003 |
| % Age | ||
| <25 y | 0.95 (0.92-0.98) | <.001 |
| 25-64 y | 1.01 (0.96-1.05) | .76 |
| >64 y | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| % White race | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | .76 |
| Road length, mile2 | 0.96 (0.91-1.01) | .14 |
| % Uninsured | 0.99 (0.95-1.04) | .70 |
| Opioid prescription rate per 100 population | 1.04 (1.00-1.07) | .02 |
| % Democratic vote in 2016 presidential election | 0.24 (0.05-1.05) | .06 |
| Urbanicity | ||
| Metropolitan | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Micropolitan | 0.67 (0.50-0.90) | .009 |
| Rural | 0.85 (0.64-1.14) | .28 |
| Regional division | ||
| East North Central | 2.21 (1.19-4.12) | .01 |
| East South Central | 1.72 (0.83-3.55) | .14 |
| Mid-Atlantic | 0.70 (0.25-1.99) | .50 |
| Mountain | 4.15 (1.34-12.89) | .01 |
| New England | 0.38 (0.07-2.10) | .27 |
| Pacific | 0.85 (0.15-4.93) | .86 |
| South Atlantic | 2.99 (1.26-7.11) | .01 |
| West South Central | 1.27 (0.62-2.59) | .51 |
| West North Central | 1 [Reference] | NA |
Abbreviations: GED, General Educational Development; MH, mental health; NA, not applicable; PCP, primary care clinicians.
a
Opioid high-risk counties are those defined as those with rates below the national rate in public availability of 3 types of medication for opioid use disorder providers combined in late 2017 and above the national opioid overdose death rate from 2015 to 2017.
b
Models estimated using information from 2675 counties.