Table. Fully Adjusted Multivariate Associations of Risk Factors With Trajectories of Depression Symptoms Among 3525 Individuals.
| Risk Factor | Multinomial OR (95% CI)a | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Childhood Persistent vs Stable Low | Early-Adult Onset vs Stable Low | Adolescent Limited vs Stable Low | Childhood Limited vs Stable Low | ||
| Being female | 6.45 (2.89-14.38) | 1.96 (1.33-2.88) | 6.04 (3.35-10.87) | 1.81 (1.13-2.90) | <.001 |
| Polygenic risk score | 1.47 (1.10-1.96) | 1.29 (1.06-1.57) | 1.04 (0.85-1.27) | 1.01 (0.81-1.25) | .01 |
| Early life | |||||
| Maternal postnatal depression | 2.37 (1.16-4.85) | 2.39 (1.41-4.07) | 1.12 (0.54-2.31) | 1.70 (0.80-3.62) | .005 |
| Partner cruelty to mother from ages 2-4 y | 1.61 (0.66-3.95) | 1.78 (1.05-3.04) | 2.30 (1.36-3.90) | 1.06 (0.48-2.37) | .008 |
| Childhood | |||||
| Anxiety at 8 y | 1.30 (1.16-1.45) | 1.12 (1.01-1.24) | 1.09 (0.98-1.21) | 1.23 (1.08-1.41) | <.001 |
| Bullied at 10 y | 4.91 (2.52-9.58) | 1.73 (1.10-2.70) | 1.56 (1.00-2.44) | 8.08 (4.92-13.26) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: OR, odds ratio.
a
Analysis was adjusted for all risk factors and the following confounders: maternal age at birth, maternal socioeconomic status at birth, maternal educational attainment at birth, and parity.