Table 1.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics in children with tuberculosis: children aged 0–4 years versus 5–14 years
| Total (N = 1282) n (%) | 0–4 years (N = 583) n (%) | 5–14 years (N = 699) n (%) | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Boys | 674 (52.6) | 319 (54.7) | 355 (50.8) | 1 | |
| Girls | 608 (47.4) | 264 (45.3) | 344 (49.2) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.06) | 0.126 |
| TB category | |||||
| Pulmonary TB | 862 (67.2) | 481 (82.5) | 381 (54.5) | 3.93 (3.03, 5.10) | < 0.001 |
| Extrapulmonary TB | 420 (32.8) | 102 (17.5) | 318 (45.8) | 1 | |
| Type of pulmonary TB (N = 862) | |||||
| Smear positive | 108 (12.5) | 2 (0.4) | 106 (27.8) | 1 | |
| Smear negative | 692 (80.3) | 437 (90.8) | 275 (66.9) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.04) | < 0.001 |
| Smear missing | 62 (7.2) | 42 (8.7) | 20 (5.3) | – | |
| Type of extrapulmonary TB | |||||
| Adenitis TB | 229 (17.9) | 58 (9.9) | 171 (24.5) | 0.34 (0.24, 0.48) | < 0.001 |
| Bone TB | 84 (6.6) | 17 (2.9) | 67 (9.6) | 0.28 (0.16, 0.48) | < 0.001 |
| Abdominal TB | 49 (3.8) | 5 (0.9) | 44 (6.3) | 0.12 (0.05, 0.32) | < 0.001 |
| TB meningitis | 26 (2.0) | 15 (2.6) | 11 (1.6) | 1.65 (0.75, 3.62) | 0.205 |
| Other and unclassified | 32 (2.5) | 7 (1.2) | 25 (3.6) | 0.32 (0.13, 0.75) | 0.01 |
| Category of TB | |||||
| New | 1259 (98.2) | 579 (99.3) | 680 (97.3) | 4.04 (1.37, 11.95) | 0.006 |
| Transfer | 10 (0.6) | 4 (0.7) | 6 (0.9) | 0.79 (0.22, 2.84) | 0.763 |
| Failure | 8 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (1.1) | NA | 0.009 |
| Relapse | 5 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.7) | NA | 0.041 |
| HIV status | |||||
| Known | 400 (31.2) | 157 (33.2) | 237 (44.4) | 1 | |
| Unknown | 882 (68.8) | 426 (66.8) | 457 (35.6) | 0.69 (0.54, 0.87) | 0.003 |
| HIV status results (N = 400) | |||||
| Negative | 391 (97.8) | 154 (98.1) | 237 (97.5) | 1 | |
| Positive | 9 (2.3) | 3 (1.9) | (2.5) | 0.76 (1.19, 3.12) | 0.999 |
| Hospital admission | |||||
| No | 772 (67.1) | 303 (52.0) | 469 (67.1) | 1 | |
| Yes | 510 (39.8) | 280 (48.0) | 230 (32.9) | 1.88 (1.50, 2.36) | < 0.001 |
CI confidence interval, HIV human immunodeficiency virus