Table 2.
Circulating levels of inflammatory markers, lipid profile, adipokines, and cardiac and renal fibrosis biomarkers in controls and end-stage renal disease patients.
| Controls (n = 22) | ESRD patients (n = 246) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory markers | |||
| PTX3 (ng/mL) | 0.62 [0.50–0.74] | 1.40 [0.96–2.06] | <0.001 |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.10 [0.04–0.20] | 0.36 [0.18–0.77] | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.04 [0.68–1.54] | 4.09 [2.64–7.47] | <0.001 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 0.83 [0.71–1.09] | 3.31 [2.65–4.45] | <0.001 |
| Lipid profile and adipokines | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 204.0 [188.2–221.2] | 159.5 [133.8–188.0] | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 90.0 [71.2–107.5] | 133.0 [97.5–183.2] | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.6 [44.7–65.4] | 45.2 [38.9–55.1] | 0.013 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 122.2 [104.4–137.9] | 79.6 [64.5–104.5] | <0.001 |
| oxLDL (U/L) | 67.5 [55.4–73.5] | 44.4 [34.1–56.4] | <0.001 |
| oxLDL/LDL-C ratio | 0.055 [0.049–0.064] | 0.054 [0.046–0.067] | 0.940 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 5.75 [3.02–8.35] | 12.32 [7.86–20.00] | <0.001 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 9.34 [4.94–21.61] | 13.77 [4.82–38.88] | 0.180b |
| Cardiac marker | |||
| NT-proBNP (ng/mL) | N.D. [N.D.–0.25]a | 13.57 [8.21–25.23] | <0.001 c |
| Renal fibrosis marker | |||
| TIMP-1 (ng/mL) | 243.0 [212.2–325.0] | 537.0 [467.8–627.2] | <0.001 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range). aLevels of NT-proBNP were below the detection limit of the technique for a total of 12 control samples. bp = 0.008 and cp = 0.054 after adjustment for confounding factors. ESRD: end-stage renal disease; PTX3: pentraxin 3; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; oxLDL: oxidized LDL; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; TIMP-1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1.