Table 1.

Therapeutic approaches using, microRNAs against colon CSCs and pericytes [89, 90]

miRNA	Expression level	Target	Findings	Technique	References
21*	↑	ITGβ4	A prognostic tool, proliferation, invasion and metastasis	qPCR	10.4161/epi.26842 [91]
23a	↑	E-cadherin	Induced EMT process associated CRC metastasis	qPCR	10.1093/carcin/bgt274 [92]
	↓	ZO-1	Increasing vascular permeability and migration		10.3892/etm.2017.4972 [93]
24*	↑	Paxillin	Inhibited the killing effect of NK cells to colorectal cancer cells	qRT-PCR and Western blot	10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.024 [94]
34a	↓	Inh3	Increased lymph node infiltration and metastasis in colon cancer patients	miRNA target prediction software miRWalk	10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.017 [95]
126	↑	BCL-2 and p53	Potential tumour suppressor	qRT-PCR	10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.004 [96]
137	↓	TCF4	Suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion in colon cancer cell lines	RT-qPCR	10.3892/ol.2018.8364 [97]
143*	↑	IGF-IR	Inhibited cell proliferation, migration, tumor growth, angiogenesis and increased chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin treatment	qRT-PCR and western blot	10.4161/cc.24477 [98]
150	↑	c-Myb	Inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis and inhibits cell migration and invasion in human CRC cells	qRT-PCR, western blot and DNA constructs and luciferase target assay	10.1111/jcmm.12398 [99]
200	↓	ZEB1, ETS1 and FLT1	Increased EMT	TaqMan MicroRNA assays	http://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301846 [100]
203	↑	SOCS3	Potential for metastasis; promoted the differentiation of monocytes to M2 macrophages	RT-qPCR and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) TargetScan and miRanda	10.18632/oncotarget.20009 [101] 10.1177/1947601911425832 [102]
221	↑	RECK, RelA and STAT3	Migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo	qRT-PCR and western blot qRT-PCR and western blot	10.1016/j.febslet.2013.11.014 [103] 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.06.006 [104]
1246	↑	CCNG2	Promoted the proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration, and inhibited the apoptosis	RT-qPCR and Dual luciferase reporter assay	10.3892/mmr.2015.4557 [105]

↑ = ; ↓ = *clinical trials