Table 2.
Differences in general (mental) health between whistleblowers and comparison groups.
| MHP |
Bivariate |
Adjusteda |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N total | N | (%) | OR | p | OR | (95% CI) | p | |
| Very severe mental health problems (MHI-5) | ||||||||
| Whistleblowers (ref.) | 27 | 12 | (44.4) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Match control group | 135 | 19 | (7.4) | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.10 | (0.04, 0.28) | <0.001 |
| Cancer patients | 130 | 31 | (23.8) | 0.39 | 0.032 | 0.51 | (0.19, 1.41) | 0.194 |
| Work disabilities | 194 | 66 | (34.0) | 0.65 | 0.291 | 0.27 | (0.10, 0.71) | 0.008 |
| “Healthy” sample | 200 | 8 | (4.0) | 0.12 | <0.001 | 0.10 | (0.04, 0.26) | <0.001 |
| Global poor general health | ||||||||
| Whistleblowers (ref.) | 26 | 9 | (34.6) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Match control group | 135 | 19 | (14.1) | 0.31 | 0.015 | 0.32 | (0.12, 0.84) | 0.021 |
| Cancer patients | 130 | 85 | (65.4) | 3.57 | <0.005 | 3.00 | (1.07, 8.09) | 0.037 |
| Work disabilities | 194 | 130 | (67.0) | 3.84 | 0.002 | 1.57 | (0.58, 4.26) | 0.378 |
| “Healthy” sample | 200 | 6 | (3.5) | 0.07 | <0.001 | 0.07 | (0.02, 0.22) | <0.001 |
| Poorer health compared to year ago | ||||||||
| Whistleblowers (ref.) | 27 | 9 | (33.3) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Match control group | 135 | 17 | (12.6) | 0.29 | 0.010 | 0.31 | (0.12, 0.81) | 0.017 |
| Cancer patients | 130 | 74 | (56.9) | 2.64 | 0.029 | 1.90 | (0.72, 5.01) | 0.193 |
| Work disabilities | 194 | 75 | (38.7) | 1.26 | 0.594 | 0.66 | (0.25, 1.72) | 0.395 |
| “Healthy” sample | 200 | 15 | (6.5) | 0.14 | <0.001 | 0.13 | (0.05, 0.36) | <0.001 |
Ref. = reference category; OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; MHP = corresponding (mental) health problems.
aAdjusted for age, sex, education, paid job, living with (married) partner, and having children in household (see Table 1).