Table 1.
Hemodynamic and histological measurements among the groups.
| Sham-operated (n = 12) | Untreated HF (n = 12) | Apelin-treated HF (n = 12) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Final body weight (g) | 542.58 ± 38.29 | 525.16 ± 24.45 | 538.65 ± 29.48 |
| Hemodynamics | |||
| LVSP (mmHg) | 136.81 ± 9.06 | 105.56 ± 12.49∗ | 93.28 ± 11.64# |
| Ea (mmHg/μl) | 0.51 ± 0.04 | 0.74 ± 0.08∗ | 0.46 ± 0.05# |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 68.64 ± 4.55 | 43.13 ± 6.09∗ | 54.96 ± 5.24# |
| +dP/dtmax (mmHg/s) | 8514.12 ± 745.83 | 5950.74 ± 729.60∗ | 7047.67 ± 635.58# |
| Ees (mmHg/μl) | 1.06 ± 0.25 | 0.40 ± 0.08∗ | 0.63 ± 0.15# |
| SW (mmHg/ml) | 9.16 ± 10.24 | 6.02 ± 1.18∗ | 7.35 ± 0.93# |
| −dP/dtmax (mmHg/s) | 8129.41 ± 802.95 | 5150.77 ± 629.05∗ | 6746.29 ± 714.83# |
| EDP (mmHg) | 5.84 ± 1.47 | 25.65 ± 4.93∗ | 16.19 ± 5.92# |
| Slope of EDPVR (mmHg/μl) | 0.035 ± 0.003 | 0.056 ± 0.008∗ | 0.044 ± 0.003# |
| τ (msec) | 9.14 ± 0.49 | 13.91 ± 1.78∗ | 10.42 ± 0.78# |
| Ea/Ees | 0.52 ± 0.08 | 1.62 ± 0.13∗ | 0.93 ± 0.05# |
| Pressure-volume area (mmHg/ml) | 16.44 ± 1.18 | 17.70 ± 10.24 | 16.62 ± 0.93 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 405.43 ± 20.41 | 412.15 ± 54.26 | 378.26 ± 56.64 |
| SW/PVA | 0.56 ± 0.08 | 0.34 ± 0.04∗ | 0.48 ± 0.05# |
| Histology | |||
| Collagen density in LV (%) | 1.92 ± 0.03 | 4.51 ± 0.08∗ | 3.14 ± 0.05# |
| TUNEL (+) per 105 myocytes | 45 ± 4 | 629 ± 91∗ | 316 ± 46# |
| Myocardial infarction size (%) | NA | 41.39 ± 5.24∗ | 28.26 ± 4.55# |
Data were expressed as % or mean ± standard deviation. LVSP: left ventricular systolic pressure; Ea: effective arterial elastance; +dP/dtmax: maximal rate of pressure increase; Ees: end-systolic elastance; SW: stroke work; −dP/dtmax: maximal rate of pressure decline; EDP: end-diastolic pressure; EDPVR: end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship; τ: isovolumic relaxation time constant; PVA: pressure-volume area; LV: left ventricle; TUNEL: terminal dUTP nick end labeling; NA: not applicable. ∗P < 0.05 vs the sham-operated group and #P < 0.05 vs the untreated heart failure group.