Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants in the survey, Shanghai, China, 2018 (N=535).
| Characteristics | Values | |
| Age (years), n (%) | ||
| ≤25 | 30 (5.6) | |
| 26-34 | 436 (81.5) | |
| ≥35 | 69 (12.9) | |
| Education, n (%) | ||
| ≤Senior high school | 35 (6.5) | |
| College degree | 398 (74.4) | |
| Postgraduate degree or above | 102 (19.1) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||
| Single/divorced/separated/widowed | 6 (1.1) | |
| Married | 529 (98.9) | |
| Household incomea,b, n (%) | ||
| <¥10,000 | 115 (21.8) | |
| ¥10,000-¥30,000 | 302 (57.2) | |
| >¥30,000 | 111 (21.0) | |
| Health issues and physical activity, n (%) | ||
| First degree family history of diabetes mellitus | 73 (13.6) | |
| Anemia before or during pregnancy | 127 (23.7) | |
| Smoking before pregnancy | 20 (3.7) | |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 0 (0) | |
| Physical activity (moderate level <30 min) | 417 (77.9) | |
| Parity (primipara) | 478 (89.3) | |
| Prepregnancy weight category, n (%) | ||
| Underweight | 85 (15.9) | |
| Normal weight | 346 (64.7) | |
| Overweight | 75 (14.0) | |
| Obese | 29 (5.4) | |
| Gestational week (week), median (interquartile range) | 32 (17-33) | |
| Weight gain, n (%) | ||
| Inadequate GWGc | 172 (32.1) | |
| Adequate GWG | 234 (43.7) | |
| Excessive GWG | 129 (24.1) | |
aN=528.
bOne Chinese Yuan (¥)=US $0.1437.
cGWG: gestational weight gain.