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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jan 15;663:465–478. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.153

Table 1.

Summary of Ecosystem Services (ES) for Carolina Bays and California vernal pools.

ES type Ecosystem service Carolina
bays
California
vernal
pools
Provisioning Food X X
Fiber X
Genetic resources X X
Biochemical/natural medicines X
Ornamental resources X
Fresh water
Regulatory Pollination X X
Pest and disease regulation X
Climate regulation/carbon sequestration X
Air quality regulation
Water regulation/flood water storage X X
Water reservoir X
Erosion regulation
Natural hazard regulation
Water purification/soil remediation/waste treatment X X
Cultural Spiritual and religious values
Education and inspiration X X
Recreation and ecotourism X
Cultural diversity and heritage X X
Aesthetic values X X
Supporting Primary production X
Soil retention X
Nutrient cycling X X