Table 6.

Implicit and explicit measures of aggression (mean ± SD) and Kruskal–Wallis test statistics for pTBIs and HCs^a

	dlPFC (n = 14)	vmPFC (n = 19)	ipTC (n = 13)	Other lesions (n = 30)	HC (n = 33)	Statistics
Violence IAT D-score	0.91 ± 0.36	1.17 ± 0.32	0.94 ± 0.37	1.29 ± 0.18	1.16 ± 0.26	H = 17.61, p < 0.01
Congruent RT (ms)	1225 ± 463	949 ± 300	1211 ± 747	824 ± 348	805 ± 160	H = 23.35, p < 0.01
Incongruent RT (ms)	2134 ± 693	1461 ± 446	1705 ± 899	1597 ± 753	1381 ± 348	H = 14.98, p < 0.01
Weapons IAT D-score	0.94 ± 0.37	0.96 ± 0.38	0.85 ± 0.43	1.02 ± 0.42	0.95 ± 0.38	H = 2.03, p = 0.730
Congruent RT (ms)	1025 ± 237	846 ± 150	1160 ± 450	867 ± 436	858 ± 189	H = 15.60, p = 0.004
Incongruent RT (ms)	1664 ± 671	1291 ± 412	1591 ± 725	1210 ± 595	1234 ± 309	F = 13.13, p = 0.011
AQ (Total)	51.43 ± 13.35	46.53 ± 7.63	52.77 ± 7.72	46.0 ± 11.0	53.61 ± 10.03	H = 13.11, p = 0.011
Physical	50.64 ± 12.39	51.16 ± 6.27	51.85 ± 7.61	47.32 ± 9.2	52.79 ± 11.2	H = 6.76, p = 0.149
Verbal	53.50 ± 11.89	47.95 ± 9.23	51.15 ± 7.93	46.52 ± 12.86	50.94 ± 12.37	H = 3.21, p = 0.523
Anger	50.93 ± 14.21	45.21 ± 11.35	53.15 ± 9.6	44.81 ± 13.39	50.67 ± 12.65	H = 6.59, p = 0.159
Hostility	53.21 ± 14.13	48.58 ± 7.91	53.69 ± 8.22	45.84 ± 13.8	54.67 ± 11.82	H = 12.67, p = 0.013
Indirect	51.86 ± 9.64	46.95 ± 9.27	55.15 ± 8.92	44.94 ± 12.53	51.48 ± 12.11	H = 14.19, p < 0.01
AGVQ (total)	19.93 ± 17.73	16.21 ± 10.78	19.77 ± 14.93	20.97 ± 13.39	17.82 ± 9.94	H = 2.03, p = 0.730
Shame	6.79 ± 18.47	5.74 ± 13.94	8.69 ± 16.17	9.06 ± 17.4	4.36 ± 10.4	H = 4.66, p = 0.324
Comfort	1.14 ± 10.66	10.26 ± 14.07	13.46 ± 19.8	14.94 ± 17.07	8.7 ± 11.43	H = 2.91, p = 0.573
Excite	6.5 ± 22.61	5.74 ± 15.76	9.08 ± 20.39	9.81 ± 18.95	3.67 ± 10.53	H = 1.84, p = 0.765
Power	9.09 ± 17.79	8.74 ± 12.26	11.54 ± 17.64	14.42 ± 19.38	8.64 ± 12.65	H = 3.02, p = 0.55
STAXI	45.57 ± 10.26	42.42 ± 9.55	47.85 ± 7.72	42.0 ± 8.94	48.42 ± 11.34	H = 8.29, p = 0.081

^aFor HC scores, see Table 2.