Table 3.

Multilevel Models Examining the Relationship Between House Characteristics and Resident Outcomes

	Total Abstinence			Alcohol Abstinence			Drug Abstinence			Arrested			Employed
	aOR	SE	p	aOR	SE	p	aOR	SE	p	aOR	SE	p	aOR	SE	p
Organizational Characteristics
Part of a Larger Organization	3.98	1.46	0.000†	3.04	1.22	0.006	3.19	1.02	0.000†	0.59	0.19	0.109	1.11	0.43	0.790
Affiliated with a Treatment Program	2.56	1.20	0.045	1.98	0.94	0.149	1.83	0.78	0.151	0.87	0.30	0.675	2.92	1.06	0.003†
Referral agreement with Parole/Probation	1.52	0.62	0.304	1.13	0.51	0.786	1.62	0.58	0.180	0.55	0.15	0.025	2.43	0.78	0.006
Manager Lives Onsite*	0.94	0.57	0.913	1.21	0.78	0.770	0.63	0.34	0.387	1.85	0.77	0.142	1.70	0.86	0.297
Capacity (Number of beds; 7–50)
0–10 (reference)
11–20	0.63	0.40	0.469	0.76	0.50	0.677	0.64	0.37	0.441	0.56	0.25	0.193	0.60	0.31	0.329
21 or more	0.50	0.32	0.275	0.45	0.30	0.236	0.79	0.47	0.695	0.89	0.39	0.796	0.33	0.18	0.039
Wald Test of Capacity			0.547			0.388			0.716			0.253			0.086
Residence & Operational Characteristics
SLN Chapter
LA Metro (Reference)
San Fernando Valley/San Gabriel Valley	1.55	1.05	0.521	4.39	2.39	0.006†	2.23	1.33	0.182	0.84	0.42	0.722	1.95	1.05	0.213
South Bay Long Beach	1.10	0.57	0.858	1.09	0.43	0.829	0.93	0.43	0.871	0.80	0.33	0.579	1.89	0.80	0.133
West LA	2.26	1.50	0.221	8.54	5.04	0.000†	1.60	0.97	0.434	1.08	0.55	0.883	5.04	2.75	0.003
Wald Test of SLN Chapter			0.585			0.000†			0.359			0.878			0.032†
Monthly Fees of $600 or More	2.63	1.49	0.088	3.18	1.76	0.036	2.65	1.34	0.053	2.09	0.82	0.063	1.96	0.95	0.165
Meals Provided*	1.76	0.73	0.171	1.84	0.78	0.151	1.74	0.66	0.147	1.10	0.33	0.739	0.75	0.27	0.415
House Gender
Co-ed (Reference)
Women	1.83	1.29	0.395	1.67	1.20	0.480	1.87	1.21	0.333	1.72	0.94	0.325	2.54	1.58	0.134
Men	2.34	1.19	0.095	2.90	1.42	0.031	2.05	0.94	0.114	1.33	0.49	0.440	1.44	0.62	0.392
Wald Test of Gender			0.219			0.090			0.231			0.525			0.278
15%+ of Residents on Parole/Probation*	0.23	0.11	0.002	0.49	0.26	0.177	0.46	0.18	0.044	1.71	0.57	0.108	1.11	0.46	0.809
30+ Required Days Sober*	1.47	0.72	0.432	0.93	0.45	0.875	1.05	0.45	0.913	0.43	0.12	0.003†	1.36	0.55	0.443
Drug Testing at Intake*	1.00	0.60	0.997	2.23	1.37	0.192	1.00	0.51	0.992	0.92	0.35	0.837	2.52	1.20	0.052
Mandated AA/NA Attendance*	2.74	1.40	0.048	3.59	1.86	0.014	2.41	1.10	0.055	2.11	0.78	0.042	1.39	0.63	0.460
Program Orientation
SMPS Total Score ≥ 63*	1.07	0.53	0.892	0.72	0.34	0.488	1.29	0.57	0.560	0.86	0.28	0.646	0.98	0.39	0.964
Quite a bit/Completely 12-step Oriented*	2.95	1.50	0.034	2.67	1.32	0.047	2.09	0.94	0.102	0.54	0.17	0.052	2.31	0.96	0.043

Notes. Results from separate multilevel models testing the effect of various housing characteristics on substance use, criminal justice, and employment outcomes parameterize clustering of observations within participants and participants within houses (ICCs ranging from 0.008–0.137). All random intercept models control for time, condition, their interaction, gender, race/ethnicity, age, educational attainment, and number of days in the house. Individual ORs, SEs, and p-values are listed for each category of categorical variables as well as the p-value for Wald test of the overall effect of the categorical variable.

^*Denotes models with missing data on house characteristics that were subjected to sensitivity analyses employing different multiple imputation techniques. Findings in bold typeface reflect those that were robust across these different techniques.

^†Reflects findings that remained statistically significant in multivariable multilevel models.