Figure 2.

Changes in behavior and descriptive statistics of LPFC neural activity throughout the sessions. A, Ketamine reduced the percentage of correct trials, which reached the lowest point during the second 10 min period after injection, and gradually recovered. B, Ketamine increased the averaged reaction time of the saccadic response, which plateaued during the first 20 min after injection, and then decreased but did not fully recover by the end of the sessions. C, The mean firing rates across all neurons recorded increased gradually after ketamine injection and eventually plateaued toward the end of the sessions. D, Ketamine injection increased the mean firing rate across neurons recorded in every session from both Monkey O and Monkey T. Each session is plotted in a distinct color. E, Ketamine injection increased the trial-to-trial SD across all neurons at a steady rate throughout the sessions. F, The CV, or the SD-to-mean ratio in activities across all trials, decreased after ketamine injection during the first 20 min after injection and remained at the same level for the rest of the recording sessions. This indicates that the mean firing rate in C increased at a greater pace than the SD shown in E. G, Ketamine injection increased the averaged CV across neurons recorded in every session from both Monkey O and Monkey T. Error bars indicate the SEM.