Figure 5.

Cortical cooling disrupted the slow-wave pattern and evoked spindle-like activity within VPM neurons in deeply anesthetized mice. A–C, An example of simultaneously recorded EEG (contralateral M1 and S1), LFP (ipsilateral S1), and intracellular activities from the thalamic VPM neuron in control, during cooling, and after recovery, respectively. Bottom traces show one slow-wave cycle in control (left) and cooling-triggered intracellular spindle-like IPSPs correlated to LFP spikes (right). A, Control. B, Cooling of the somatosensory cortex. Electrographic activities of the same electrodes are shown 1 min (left) and 2 min (right) after the beginning of cooling. C, Recovery from the cooling. Electrographic activities of the same electrodes are shown 1 min after the switch from cooling to heating. A1–C1, Averaged EEG, LFP, intracellular activity, and IPSP autocorrelograms (n = 7 neurons from 7 mice). EEG, LFP, and intracellular activities were averaged against (triggered by) extracted IPSPs. Before averaging in a group, each IPSPs autocorrelogram was normalized to 100%. A1, Control. B1, Cooling. C1, Recovery. D, An example of thalamic VPM intracellular activity recorded after (40 min) TTX application over a large ipsilateral cortical area (motor, somatosensory, visual). D1, Average IPSPs autocorrelogram and intracellular thalamic and field potential cortical activities (n = 7 neurons, at least 40 min after TTX application). In all panels, the positive part of the SEM is shown with gray (negative part is not shown).