VPM intracellular activity of a lightly anesthetized mouse during cortical heating and cooling. A, Simultaneously recorded contralateral EEG, ipsilateral LFP, and intracellular VPM activities in control, during cortical heating, and after cortical cooling. Heating increased the rhythmicity of VPM IPSPs, whereas cooling eliminated silent states, evoked depolarization, and increased synaptic noise. A typical response with a low-threshold spike-burst elicited by a hyperpolarizing current pulse application (see inset) confirmed the quality of recording. B, IPSP autocorrelogram and averaged (triggered by IPSPs) cortical activities. The histograms were normalized to 100%. C, Identification of the VPM neuron. The neuron responded to whisker stimulation (air puff).