Table 3.
Whole brain analyses results |
ROI results based on the averaged estimates per cluster |
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N |
Post hoc tests |
Filtering steps |
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Region | H | Fmax | Peak voxel MNI coordinates |
Sex x-valence category analyses for different subsets of valence categories |
ME sex neg |
ME arousal rating neg |
Arousal rating x-valence category |
ME valence rating neg |
Valence rating x-valence category |
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X | Y | Z | Neg, neu, pos: p | Neg, neu: p | Neg, pos: p | Pos, neu: p | p | d | p | r | Neg, neu: p | p | r | Neg, neu: p | ||||
Frontal lobe | ||||||||||||||||||
Paracentral lobule* | L | 19.7 | −13.75 | −30.25 | 40 | 49 | 8.9 × 10−10* | 3.4 × 10−7* | 5.2 × 10−9* | 0.86 | 6.2 × 10−8* | 0.42 | 0.0034 | 0.11 | 6.7 × 10−12* | 5 × 10−4* | −0.13 | 0.0075 |
Precental gyrus 1 | L | 18.39 | −57.75 | 5.5 | 0 | 17 | 5.3 × 10−8* | 0.00011* | 6.1 × 10−9* | 0.13 | 2 × 10−5* | 0.33 | 0.76 | 0.01 | 0.00033* | 0.67 | −0.02 | 0.021 |
Precental gyrus 2* | L | 14.26 | −46.75 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 2.1 × 10−7* | 2.7 × 10−5* | 1.6 × 10−7* | 0.45 | 5.3 × 10−12* | 0.54 | 0.00055* | 0.13 | 4.5 × 10−11* | 0.00026* | −0.14 | 0.0059 |
Precental gyrus 3* | L | 19.48 | −35.75 | −13.75 | 48 | 51 | 1.8 × 10−8* | 0.00014* | 6.7 × 10−10* | 0.084 | 4.6 × 10−7* | 0.39 | 6.1 × 10−6* | 0.17 | 3.4 × 10−14* | 0.0043 | −0.11 | 8.1 × 10−5* |
Precental gyrus 4* | L | 15.73 | −16.5 | −11 | 76 | 10 | 6.9 × 10−8* | 7.8 × 10−8* | 5 × 10−5* | 0.11 | 6.8 × 10−6* | 0.35 | 0.069 | 0.07 | 1 × 10−6* | 0.00073* | −0.13 | 0.00013* |
Precental gyrus 5 | R | 14.8 | 60.5 | 8.25 | 4 | 5 | 1.9 × 10−7* | 3.4 × 10−6* | 1.3 × 10−6* | 0.69 | 3.5 × 10−7* | 0.4 | 0.079 | 0.07 | 3.1 × 10−7* | 0.62 | −0.02 | 0.046 |
Precental gyrus 6† | R | 15.15 | 46.75 | −2.75 | 52 | 6 | 6.1 × 10−7* | 0.0024 | 2.9 × 10−8* | 0.032 | 0.0025 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 6.9 × 10−6* | 0.22 | −0.05 | 0.0066 |
Superior frontal gyrus | R | 19.19 | 8.25 | 2.75 | 64 | 47 | 3.6 × 10−9* | 5.1 × 10−7* | 5 × 10−8* | 0.98 | 4.6 × 10−6* | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 3 × 10−5* | 0.033 | −0.08 | 0.0034 |
Parietal lobe | ||||||||||||||||||
Inferior parietal cortex | L | 14.31 | −38.5 | −82.5 | 28 | 9 | 1.3 × 10−7* | 1.1 × 10−6* | 2.6 × 10−6* | 0.4 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.41 | −0.03 | 0.53 | 0.21 | −0.05 | 0.013 |
Precuneus cortex | L | 18.27 | −8.25 | −49.5 | 52 | 65 | 8.5 × 10−9* | 4.1 × 10−7* | 3.5 × 10−7* | 0.49 | 0.023 | 0.18 | 0.58 | 0.02 | 5.6 × 10−5* | 0.11 | −0.06 | 0.0065 |
Superior parietal cortex | L | 13.86 | −19.25 | −46.75 | 68 | 7 | 3.7 × 10−7* | 1.1 × 10−5* | 1.4 × 10−6* | 0.97 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.063 | 0.07 | 1.4 × 10−13* | 0.076 | −0.07 | 0.004 |
Supramarginal gyrus 1 | L | 14.11 | −63.25 | −22 | 16 | 5 | 9.3 × 10−7* | 0.00022* | 2.9 × 10−7* | 0.23 | 3.8 × 10−6* | 0.36 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 2 × 10−10* | 0.035 | −0.08 | 0.24 |
Supramarginal gyrus 2* | L | 15.37 | −52.25 | −27.5 | 20 | 16 | 7.7 × 10−8* | 2.1 × 10−5* | 1 × 10−8* | 0.56 | 4.1 × 10−7* | 0.4 | 0.0017* | 0.12 | 4.7 × 10−16* | 0.00081* | −0.13 | 0.086 |
Supramarginal gyrus 3 | L | 16.84 | −60.5 | −35.75 | 32 | 22 | 6.3 × 10−8* | 1.2 × 10−5* | 3 × 10−8* | 0.53 | 0.00023* | 0.29 | 0.89 | 0.01 | 0.0016* | 0.027 | −0.09 | 0.05 |
Supramarginal gyrus 4* | R | 13.92 | 49.5 | −27.5 | 28 | 11 | 4 × 10−7* | 3 × 10−5* | 3 × 10−7* | 0.71 | 4 × 10−6* | 0.36 | 8.6 × 10−6* | 0.17 | <1 × 10−16* | 0.2 | −0.05 | 0.064 |
Occipital lobe | ||||||||||||||||||
Cuneus cortex* | L | 14.95 | −13.75 | −77 | 20 | 19 | 1.3 × 10−7* | 0.00012* | 2.5 × 10−8* | 0.19 | 3.4 × 10−10* | 0.49 | 1.1 × 10−14* | 0.29 | 2.9 × 10−12* | 0.00046* | −0.13 | 4.4 × 10−12* |
Lingual gyrus 1† | L | 16.36 | −13.75 | −55 | −8 | 25 | 1 × 10−7* | 0.0067 | 6 × 10−9* | 0.0038 | 2.9 × 10−06* | 0.37 | 6.4 × 10−12* | 0.26 | 1.2 × 10−10* | 0.0015* | −0.12 | 1.1 × 10−11* |
Lingual gyrus 2 | R | 14.61 | 24.75 | −49.5 | 4 | 5 | 5.2 × 10−7* | 0.00049* | 6.1 × 10−8* | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.07 | 6.1 × 10−7* | 0.19 | 8.3 × 10−13* | 0.0055 | −0.11 | 1.3 × 10−6* |
Cingulate cortex | ||||||||||||||||||
Cingulate cortex, caudal anterior division | L | 15.07 | 0 | 16.5 | 28 | 10 | 1 × 10−7* | 3.4 × 10−7* | 0.00012* | 0.041 | 6.7 × 10−9* | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.48 | −0.03 | 0.0099 |
Cingulate cortex, Posterior division | R | 15.19 | 11 | −27.5 | 40 | 16 | 7.2 × 10−8* | 1 × 10−6* | 3.2 × 10−6* | 0.32 | 1.5 × 10−16* | 0.65 | 0.024 | 0.08 | 1.3 × 10−12* | 0.087 | −0.06 | 0.13 |
Cerebellum | ||||||||||||||||||
Cerebellum cortex 1 | L | 21.77 | −33 | −57.75 | −52 | 73 | 1.2 × 10−12* | 1.1 × 10−8* | 9.3 × 10−12* | 0.58 | 8.9 × 10−8* | 0.43 | 0.082 | 0.07 | 0.012 | 0.44 | −0.03 | 0.00057* |
Cerebellum cortex 2* | R | 14.92 | 24.75 | −44 | −28 | 11 | 1.8 × 10−8* | 1.7 × 10−6* | 6.7 × 10−8* | 0.91 | 3.5 × 10−5* | 0.32 | 0.0098 | 0.1 | 0.00061* | 0.00074* | −0.13 | 4.4 × 10−6* |
Cerebellum white matter | R | 14.63 | 24.75 | −46.75 | −48 | 5 | 2.1 × 10−7* | 1.6 × 10−5* | 1.7 × 10−7* | 0.69 | 0.074 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.3 | 0.45 | −0.03 | 0.056 |
Temporal lobe | ||||||||||||||||||
Superior temporal gyrus†† | L | 19.23 | −35.75 | −2.75 | −24 | 19 | 3.5 × 10−10* | 1.3 × 10−8* | 2.8 × 10−8* | 0.85 | 1.4 × 10−6* | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.00071* | 0.053 | −0.07 | 0.00055* |
The table gives an overview about all brain regions that showed a significant interaction effect for sex and valence category on whole-brain level. The post hoc tests revealed, that all but two regions (marked with†, precental gyrus 6 and lingual gyrus 1) showed a significant (p < 0.002) negative specific sex x-valence interaction. Regions marked with an asterisk (*) additionally survived all filtering steps of the ROI analyses. In these regions, additionally to the sex x-valence interaction effect, there was a significant main effect of sex for negative pictures and a significant correlation with valence or arousal rating of negative pictures. For all clusters, except the left paracentral lobule, this correlation was significantly stronger for negative in comparison to the neutral picture category, at least for one of the two ratings. The relevant significant p values for the filtering are printed in bold. p < 0.002 are considered significant and marked with an asterix (*). H, Hemisphere; N, number of voxels; ME, main effect. ††Reported is the closest gray matter area identified manually. d,r, effect sizes.