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. 2015 Mar 4;35(9):4081–4091. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3350-14.2015

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Parallel DINs with complementary properties convey the velocity of antennal movement to the prothoracic ganglion. Schematics of the identified velocity-sensitive DINs in the stick insect CNS, with afferent pathways from both antennae to the GNG (G). Magenta represents information from the right antenna. Cyan represents information from the left antenna. A, cONv receives contralateral input in the GNG and mediates it to both sides of the prothoracic ganglion (P), which controls front leg movement. cONv also innervates the brain (B) and ganglia downstream from the prothoracic. Black arrow indicates the behavioral results: stick insects use antennal cues to guide reaching movements. B, iONv receives ipsilateral input in the GNG and mediates it to the ipsilateral half of the prothoracic ganglion. C, OFFv receives bilateral input in the GNG and mediates it to the ipsilateral half of the prothoracic ganglion. All DINs have their soma (filled circles) and antennal mechanosensory input regions in the GNG. Arrows indicate output branches in the respective hemiganglia.