Figure 11.

Cell biological aspects of DBZ activities. DBZ^+/+ (top) and DBZ^−/− (bottom). In the absence of DBZ, Ndel1 was disproportionately phosphorylated in a neuron, leading to poor transportation of DISC1 and Lis1 to the neurite ends. DISC1 suppresses GSK3β activity, which inhibits neurite extension. If insufficient amounts of DISC1 are transported, then neurites do not fully elongated. Anterogradely transported Lis1 is then retrogradely transported and plays a critical role in neuronal migration in an amount-dependent manner.