Table 1.
Characteristics of participants between 20 and 80 years of age stratified by cardiovascular disease (NHANES 2007‐2008)
| No CVD | CVD | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 3439 | 409 | |
| 25(OH)D (nmol/mL) | (62.24 ± 25.22) | 60.73 ± 24.45 | .395 |
| Normal (≥75) | 978 (28.44) | 114 (27.87) | .887 |
| Insufficiency (50‐74.9) | 1294 (37.63) | 152 (37.16) | |
| Deficiency (25‐49.9) | 996 (28.96) | 119 (29.10) | |
| Severe deficient (<25) | 171 (4.97) | 24 (5.87) | |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.43 ± (0.81) | 0.66 ± 1.34 | <.001 |
| <0.2 | 1716 (49.90) | 147 (35.94) | <.001 |
| ≥0.2 | 1723 (50.10) | 262 (64.06) | |
| Age, year (means ± SD) | 48.65 ± 17.27 | 66.97 ± 12.29 | <.001 |
| Sex, males, n (%) | 1644 (47.80) | 250 (61.12) | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, Black, n (%) | 1666 (48.44) | 257 (62.84) | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), (means ± SD) | 28.94 ± 6.57 | 30.18 ± 7.00 | <.001 |
| Family PIR, (means ± SD) | 2.60 ± 1.63 | 2.28 ± 1.47 | <.001 |
| Marital status, n (%) | <.001 | ||
| Married | 2125 (61.79) | 236 (57.70) | |
| Widowed | 239 (6.95) | 82 (20.05) | |
| Divorced/seperated | 503 (14.63) | 58 (14.18) | |
| Single | 572 (16.63) | 33 (8.07) | |
| Educational level, n (%) | <.001 | ||
| Less than a high school education/primary education | 994 (28.90) | 154 (37.65) | |
| High school education/secondary education | 832 (24.19) | 98 (23.96) | |
| College education | 1613 (46.90) | 157 (38.39) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <.001 | ||
| Current smoking | 756 (21.98) | 84 (20.54) | |
| Former smoking | 812 (23.61) | 179 (43.77) | |
| Never smoking | 1871 (54.41) | 146 (35.70) | |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 2439 (70.92) | 276 (67.48) | .235 |
| Physical activity (minutes/week) | <.001 | ||
| No (0) | 1891 (54.99) | 282 (68.95) | |
| Inactve (1‐149) | 255 (7.41) | 24 (5.87) | |
| Active (≥150) | 1293 (37.60) | 103 (25.18) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 976 (28.38) | 297 (72.62) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 308 (8.96) | 129 (31.54) | <.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 1057 (30.74) | 250 (61.12) | <.001 |
| CKD, n (%) | 261 (7.59) | 122 (29.83) | <.001 |
| Season of blood collection, n (%) | <.001 | ||
| November 1 to April 30 | 1526 (44.37) | 136 (33.25) | |
| May 1 to October 31 | 1913 (55.63) | 273 (66.75) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; PIR, poverty income ratio; 25(OH)D, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D.
Values are presented as mean ± SD or number, (percentage of distribution).