Table 5.
Demographic and beliefs factors that predicted students’ support of mandatory masking/vaccination or mandatory vaccination policies.
| Agree with mandatory masking/vaccination policy |
Agree with mandatory vaccination policy |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Comparison | Odds Ratio (95% CI)* | Univariate p-value/ Multivariate p-value** | Odds Ratio (95% CI)* | Univariate p-value/ Multivariate p-value** |
| Age (y) | 25-34 vs 18–24 | 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) | 0.69/NA | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.66/NA |
| 35-44 vs 18-24 | 1.1 (0.3, 3.4) | 1.2 (0.4, 3.6) | |||
| Gender | Female vs Male | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.42/0.0165 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.25/NA |
| Program of study | Nursing vs Medicine | 0.6 (0.4, 1.1) | 0.25/NA | 1.4 (0.8, 2.3) | 0.34/NA |
| Pharmacy vs Medicine | 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.2) | |||
| Year of study | 2nd year vs 1st year | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.12/NA | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) | 0.60/NA |
| 3rd year vs 1st year | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) | |||
| 4th year vs 1st year | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | |||
| Knowledge score | 1 point increase | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 0.05/NA | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.20/NA |
| It is my duty as a medical/pharmacy/nursing student to get the influenza vaccine. | Neither agree nor disagree vs. Disagree | 13.0 (2.4, 70.0) | < 0.0001/NA | 2.0 (0.5, 7.5) | 0.59/NA |
| Agree vs. Disagree | 30.2 (6.9, 131.8) | 1.6 (0.6, 4.4) | |||
| The hospital administration has a right to know my influenza vaccination status. | Neither agree nor disagree vs. Disagree | 2.9 (1.0, 8.3) | < 0.0001/NA | 1.9 (0.7, 5.4) | 0.31/0.03 |
| Agree vs. Disagree | 7.8 (3.3, 18.7) | 1.9 (0.8, 4.5) | |||
| It would be useful to be taught more about influenza risks and vaccine safety as part of the curriculum. | Neither agree nor disagree vs. Disagree | 2.4 (0.9, 5.8) | 0.003/NA | 0.8 (0.3, 2.0) | 0.34/NA |
| Agree vs. Disagree | 3.7 (1.7, 8.1) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.6) | |||
| It is the hospital administration’s and the university’s responsibility to ensure its staff and students learn about and are offered the influenza vaccine. | Neither agree nor disagree vs. Disagree | 7.7 (0.9, 69.8) | 0.02/NA | 0.1 (0.0, 1.3) | 0.20/NA |
| Agree vs. Disagree | 13.1 (1.5, 111.6) | 0.1 (0.0, 1.2) | |||
| If I do not receive the influenza vaccine, I should be asked to sign a form stating that I understand the potential benefits and risks of the vaccine and not receiving the vaccine and still be able to decline vaccination. | Neither agree nor disagree vs. Disagree | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) | 0.61 | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) | 0.96/NA |
| Agree vs. Disagree | 1.04 (0.6, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.8) | |||
| If I do not receive the influenza vaccine and I am asked to sign a form as described above, I would object strenuously to this request. | Neither agree nor disagree vs. Disagree | 0.6 (0.3, 1.001) | 0.02/NA | 2.2 (1.3, 3.9) | 0.009/0.004 |
| Agree vs. Disagree | 0.4 (0.2, 0.9) | 1.8 (0.9, 3.6) | |||
| The Hospitals/Health Care Centres are responsible for developing policies that decrease the risk of influenza transmission from health care workers/students to their patients. | Neither agree nor disagree vs. Disagree | 2.0 (0.3, 11.4) | 0.001/NA | 0.2 (0.0, 1.3) | 0.25/NA |
| Agree vs. Disagree | 5.8 (1.1, 30.8) | 0.2 (0.0, 1.4) | |||
| I would be willing to accept the consequences of not complying with the policy to wear a mask while in the hospital during influenza season if I have not received my influenza vaccine. | Neither agree nor disagree vs. Disagree | 1.7 (0.9, 3.3) | < 0.0001/< 0.0001 | 0.9 (0.4, 1.7) | 0.01/0.02 |
| Agree vs. Disagree | 10.1 (5.5, 18.5) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | |||
| The hospitals should increase their efforts to ensure that staff/employees get influenza vaccine each year. | Neither agree nor disagree vs. Disagree | 21.1 (2.7, 163.9) | < 0.0001/< 0.0001 | 1.2 (0.4, 3.8) | 0.77/NA |
| Agree vs. Disagree | 95.0 (12.5, 719.1) | 1.4 (0.5, 4.0) | |||
*Odds ratios are presented for the univariate analysis only.
** NA (not applicable) when the predictor was not selected in the final multivariate logistic regression model.