Table 2.

Papers assessing knowledge, attitudes and believes towards Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine.

	Country	Vaccine	Population Target	Sample	Evaluation Tool	Findings
Balla 2016 25	Hungary	HPV	Children	Students aged ≥18 years in 19 high school. N = 1,022	An anonymous questionnaire divided into 4 sections: 26 matrix questions concerned basic demographic, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors; 13 questions assessed knowledge about HPV infection and cervical cancer; 11 examined the attitude toward the HPV vaccine; 4 focused on cervical cancer screening.	35.7% of the sample would make the vaccine compulsory
Carlos 2011 44	USA	HPV	Girls ages 11–12	Women attending breast and cervical cancer screening, mothers or primary caretakers of adolescent females aged 9–17. N = 232	A mail-based self-administered written survey assessed several constructs potentially related to HPV uptake (including demographics, knowledge of and experience with HPV and HPV-related diseases), individual-level perceptions such as perceived benefits, barriers and safety concerns about adolescent HPV vaccination, and intention to comply with an hypothetical mandate for adolescent HPV vaccination.	Intent to follow a hypothetical law mandating adolescent HPV vaccination (11-point scale). All population: low intent (22.2%, representing 0–3 on the scale), undecided (14.3%, 4–6 on the scale) and high intent (63.5%, 7–10 on the scale). Only women with daughters ages 11–12: 29.3% low intent, 12.0% were undecided, 58.7% high intent.
Chapman 2010 48	USA	HPV	Children	Women between the ages of 18 and 60. N = 186	An anonymous questionnaire divided into sections: a 32-question initial assessment addressing general knowledge and beliefs about HPV, a section on demographic information and sections addressing both parental and individual vaccine acceptability. Subjects were then asked to watch an eight-minute video about HPV and the vaccine and to complete an additional 11-question post survey assessment. Five questions were extracted from pre- and post-video questionnaires to evaluate HPV vaccine acceptability.	54.8% of respondents would make the vaccine required for all children
Ferris 2010 49	USA	HPV	Children	Parents with children 9 to 17 years old. N = 325	The survey was designed to be an anonymous self-administered survey. The 53-question survey was divided into 3 sections: demographic information, opinions on vaccines in general, and attitudes about the HPV vaccine.	A minority of parents (43%) thought the HPV vaccine should be mandatory for their children
Horn 2010 26	USA	Childhood vaccination (focusing on HPV)	Children	Parents with children 9 to 17 years old. N = 325	The survey was designed to be an anonymous self-administered survey. The 53-question survey was divided into 3 sections: demographic information, opinions on vaccines in general, and attitudes about the HPV vaccine.	A minority of parents (43%) thought the HPV vaccine should be mandatory for their children
Morhason-Bello 2015 45	Nigeria	HPV	Children	Reproductive-aged women (18–49 years). N = 1,002	A pretested self-administered tool was used to seek information. The main dependent variable in the analysis was willingness to have the HPV vaccine administered to their children, together with opinions and concerns regarding the HPV vaccine policy and program.	64.3% strongly agreed that HPV vaccination should be made mandatory to all female children, and 52.9% also strongly agreed that the evidence of vaccine uptake should be a precondition for junior secondary school admission in Nigeria
Perkins 2010 38	USA	HPV	Vaccine-eligible girls aged 11–18 years	Parents or legal guardians of vaccine-eligible girls aged 11–18 years. N = 73	Interviews. Interview guides were designed to elicit demographic information, parental intention to vaccinate against HPV, and parents’ opinions about mandating routine childhood vaccines and HPV vaccine.	62% of parents (n = 45) were in favour of requiring HPV vaccination for school entry.
Rashwan 2013 46	Malaysia	HPV	Female students	Only female students in 8 government schools in Kuala Lumpur, from form 4 and lower form 6, with age range from 15–20 years old. N = 550	Pre-tested and validated self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into 4 parts. Part A: demographic data of respondents, part B: knowledge of cervical cancer, part C: knowledge of prevention of cervical cancer and part D: questions about vaccination.	The majority of respondents (82.2%) agreed that vaccination should be compulsory for school students in Malaysia.
Tyrell 2015 47	Guyana	HPV	Young females	Two different study populations: 11-year old girls from five primary schools in Georgetown and their guardians. N1 = 87, N2 = 74	Questionnaires were used to collect the data. One questionnaire was used for the girls first and included questions about HPV, the vaccine, cervical cancer and access to health information. A similar questionnaire was utilized for the guardians but also incorporated questions about level of education, gender and home address. Each questionnaire took approximately 15 minutes to complete.	40% of girls and 27% of guardians thought that the vaccine should be made mandatory.

HPV: Human Papilloma Virus