Table 1. Statistical analysis of variables with respect to patients undergoing emergency cholecystectomy.
| Demographic, clinical and pathological factors | Standard cholecystectomy | Difficult cholecystectomy | Uni-variate analysis | Multi-variate analysis | Risk ratio (Confidence Interval) | |
| (n = 28) | (n = 121) | |||||
| Age | > 60 years | 3 (10.7%) | 43 (35.5%) | 0.012 | 0.238 | 2.112 (0.611-7.302) |
| Gender | Female | 23 (82.1%) | 83 (68.6%) | 0.173 | ||
| Co-morbidities | Cardiac | 3 (10.7%) | 24 (19.8%) | 0.413 | ||
| Respiratory | 1 (3.6%) | 13 (10.7%) | 0.470 | |||
| Frailty score | >0 | 10 (35.7%) | 60 (49.6%) | 0.161 | ||
| Diagnosis | Biliary Colic | 9 (32.1%) | 15 (12.4%) | 0.010 | 0.150 | 1.889 (0.794-4.493) |
| Cholecystitis | 11 (39.3%) | 75 (62.0%) | ||||
| Pancreatitis | 8 (28.6%) | 28 (23.1%) | ||||
| Cholangitis | 0 (0%) | 3 (2.5%) | ||||
| Ultra Sound Findings | Thick walled Gall Bladder | 11 (39.3%) | 64 (52.9%) | 0.167 | ||
| CBD dilated | 5 (17.9%) | 22 (18.1%) | 1.000 | |||
| ERCP | Pre Surgery | 0 (0%) | 15 (12.4%) | 0.075 | ||
| Pre-surgery physiology | HR >90 | 2 (7.1%) | 32 (26.4%) | 0.027 | 0.345 | 2.055 (0.461-9.150) |
| Systolic BP <110 / >130 | 9 (32.1%) | 48 (39.7%) | 0.523 | |||
| Admission to cholecystectomy | >3 days | 11 (39.3%) | 60 (49.6%) | 0.325 | ||
| Elevated pre-operative blood tests | Bilirubin | 5 (17.9%) | 32 (26.4%) | 0.468 | ||
| Alkaline phosphatase | 12 (42.9%) | 74 (61.2%) | 0.089 | |||
| Alanine transaminase | 13 (46.4%) | 69 (57.0%) | 0.289 | |||
| White cell count | 8 (28.6%) | 48 (39.7%) | 0.387 | |||
| CRP >100 | 2 (7.1%) | 53 (43.8%) | <0.001 | 0.041 | 4.919 (1.066-22.704) | |
| Post-operative | Complications | 3 (10.7%) | 20 (16.5%) | 0.440 | ||
| Re-admissions | 4 (14.3%) | 12 (9.9%) | 0.500 |