. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Mar 12;59(8):1078–1084. doi: 10.1002/jcph.1401

Table 3.

Statistical Summary of Naloxone Treatment Comparisons (Intranasal versus Intramuscular Administration)

Parameter	IN Administration (Test)	Comparison (E as Reference)	Ratio (Test/Reference) of Adjusted Means^a	90% CI for Ratio
C_max/Dose	INND 2-mg × 1 IN (Trt A)	A vs E	37.2	32.1-43.0
	INND 2-mg × 2 IN (Trt B)	B vs E	29.6	25.5-34.2
	2-mg FDANxSpray IN (Trt C)	C vs E	93.2	80.6-108
	4-mg FDANxSpray IN (Trt D)	D vs E	76.4	66.0-88.4

AUC /Dose	INND 2-mg IN (Trt A)	A vs E	23.3	21.2-25.7
	INND 2-mg × 2 IN (Trt B)	B vs E	19.6	17.7-21.8
	2-mg FDANxSpray IN (Trt C)	C vs E	61.7	56.0-68.0
	4-mg FDANxSpray IN (Trt D)	D vs E	54.6	49.7-60.1

AUC/Dose, AUC per mg naloxone administered; C_max/Dose, C_max per mg naloxone administered; CI, confidence interval; INND, improvised nasal naloxone device; IN, Intranasal; Trt, Treatment.

Geometric least-squares mean ratio between treatments, expressed as a percentage of Reference (Treatment E, 2 mg IM using IM 2-mg autoinjector device)