Table 2. Toxicity of monoolein formulations in various cell lines. Mass to volume ratios in µg/mL refer to total lipid and surfactant content.

Surfactant	Cell line	Reported toxicity	Assay	Ref.
F108	HeLa	Not cytotoxic up to 83 µg/mL over a 4 hour incubation period	MTT	[143,149]
	HEK 293	Not cytotoxic up to 50 µg/mL. Highly cytotoxic at 100 µg/mL	MTT	[78]
F127	HEK 293	Cytotoxic at and above 50-100 µg/mL (0% cell viability)	Alamar Blue, MTT	[78,146]
	A549	Non-cytotoxic up to 100 µg/mL	Alamar Blue	[74]
	CHO and CHO-GFP	Cytotoxic at and above 25-75 µg/mL	Alamar Blue	[74,146,150]
	3T3	50% cell viability at 250 µg/mL	Nile red, Hoechst stains	[76]
	HeLa	Non-cytotoxic up to 1000 µg/mL	Alamar Blue, MTT	[35]
	LNCaP	IC50 241.3 µg/mL	Alamar Blue	[48]
	ACHN	IC50 248 µg/mL	Alamar Blue	[48]
	L929	IC50 around 40 µg/mL	MTS	[71]
	RbEpC	Non-cytotoxic up to 25 µg/mL	MTT	[140]
	RBC from C57/BLK6 mice	Haemolytic from between 2 and 50 µg/mL	Hemolysis	[48,71,74]
	RBC from rat	100% Haemolysis at 25 µg/mL	Hemolysis	[75]