Table 11.
Effects of dietary soy isoflavones level and porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) infection on peripheral blood T cell immunophenotypes of weanling pigs
| Item | Uninfected | PRRSV-infected | SEM | Uninfected vs. Infected Control | P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main effects2 | Interaction | |||||||||
| Control1 | Control1 | Control + ISF1 | ETSBM1 | ETSBM + ISF1 | Soy Source | ISF | Soy Source × ISF | |||
| T-Cell, % (CD3+)3 |
55.30 | 53.21 | 53.01 | 53.89 | 59.02 | 6.66 | 0.610 | 0.393 | 0.539 | 0.434 |
| Helper T-Cell, % (CD3+CD4+)4 |
22.03 | 20.18 | 23.09 | 18.03 | 26.41 | 2.13 | 0.463 | 0.783 | 0.011 | 0.202 |
| Cytotoxic T-Cell, % (CD3+CD8+)4 |
12.44 | 22.78* | 22.43 | 22.71 | 19.20 | 3.21 | 0.003 | 0.527 | 0.459 | 0.506 |
| Dual-Positive T-Cell, % (CD3+CD4+CD8+)4 | 4.30 | 6.66* | 6.32 | 6.15 | 5.13 | 1.19 | 0.022 | 0.287 | 0.406 | 0.603 |
| Dual-Positive T-Cell Expressing IFNγ, % (CD3+CD4+CD8+IFNγ+)4 | 90.10 | 79.72* | 79.25 | 77.94 | 83.41 | 4.06 | 0.001 | 0.594 | 0.292 | 0.253 |
| Dual-Positive T-Cell Expressing IFNγ MFI (CD3+CD4+CD8+IFNγ+)5 |
764.1 | 501.0* | 515.4 | 490.6 | 577.3 | 88.5 | 0.002 | 0.511 | 0.212 | 0.397 |
| CD4:CD8 ratio | 2.15 | 1.06* | 1.17 | 0.918 | 1.53 | 0.176 | 0.001 | 0.535 | 0.049 | 0.159 |
*Difference (P ≤ 0.05) between uninfected and infected groups fed the control diet.
Values represent least square means of 10 to 12 pigs with collection of blood occurring at 12 DPI. All pigs received allotted treatment diet starting −7 DPI. DPI = days postinoculation; ISF = isoflavones.
1The following diet names have been assigned to a respective experimental diet groups: Control: soy protein concentrate + no supplemented ISF, fed to both uninfected and PRRSV-infected control pigs; Control + ISF: soy protein concentrate + supplemented ISF, fed to PRRSV-infected pigs only; ETSBM: ETSBM + no supplemented ISF, fed to PRRSV-infected pigs only; ETSBM + ISF: ETSBM + supplemented ISF, fed to PRRSV-infected pigs only.
2Main effect of day post-inoculation (DPI); no 2- or 3-way interactive effects involving DPI were significant, so they were not included in the statistical model.
3Percent of total lymphocytes that are positive for cell-surface marker CD3.
4Percent of CD3-positive lymphocytes that are also positive for cell-surface markers CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, or CD4/CD8 and intercellular IFN γ.
5Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) is a measure of the fluorescence intensity in a fluorescence channel being measured. It provides an alternative measurement to percent positive for comparison of cell populations between individuals. It is less sensitive to outliers, which is important for very small cell populations like the dual-positive T-cells.