Table 1.
Ingredient and calculated nutrient composition of positive and negative control (PC and NC) diets (as-fed basis)1
| Item | PC diet2 | NC diet3 |
|---|---|---|
| Ingredient, % | ||
| Corn | 76.29 | 60.25 |
| Soybean meal | 20.75 | 8.11 |
| Corn DDGS, 7% oil | 0.00 | 25.00 |
| Soybean hulls | 0.00 | 3.57 |
| Soybean oil | 0.05 | 0.00 |
| Limestone | 1.09 | 1.18 |
| Monocalcium phosphate | 0.20 | 0.00 |
| Salt | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| Lys HCl | 0.37 | 0.60 |
| dl-Met | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| l-Thr | 0.10 | 0.13 |
| Vitamin premix4 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Mineral premix5 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Phytase premix | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Titanium dioxide | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Calculated nutrient content | ||
| NE, kcal/kg | 2,475 | 2,400 |
| CP, % | 16.61 | 16.75 |
| Ca, % | 0.53 | 0.53 |
| Total P, % | 0.39 | 0.37 |
| Digestible P, % | 0.19 | 0.19 |
| Standardized ileal digestible AA, % | ||
| Lys | 0.98 | 0.95 |
| Met | 0.28 | 0.27 |
| Thr | 0.59 | 0.57 |
| Trp | 0.17 | 0.16 |
1Experimental diets were PC diet, NC diet without or with multi-enzyme (Superzyme-CS at 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg of diet, Canadian Bio-System Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada). The multi-enzyme supplementation at 1.0 g/kg supplied 1,900 U of xylanase, 300 U of β-glucanase, 1,300 U of cellulase, 11,500 U of amylase, 120 U of mannanase, 850 U of pectinase, 6,000 U of protease and 700 U of invertase per kilogram of diet.
2PC diet was a corn–SBM-based diet, which was formulated to be adequate in all nutrients except for Ca and digestible P, which were lower than NRC (2012) recommendations for grower pigs by 0.13 and 0.17 percentage points.
3NC diet was the same as the PC diet except that it was lower in NE by 75 kcal/kg and standardized ileal digestible AA content by a mean of 3%. This was achieved by a partial replacement of corn and SBM and a complete replacement of soybean oil and monocalcium phosphate with 25% corn DDGS and 3% soybean hulls.
4Provided the following per kilogram of diet: 2,226 IU vitamin A, 340 IU vitamin D3, 11.3 IU vitamin E, 0.01 mg vitamin B12, 0.91 mg menadione, 2.04 mg riboflavin, 12.5 mg pantothenic acid, 11.3 mg niacin, 0.23 mg folic acid, 0.68 mg pyridoxine, 0.68 mg thiamine, and 0.04 mg biotin.
5Provided the following per kilogram of diet: 75 mg Zn as ZnSO4, 75 mg Fe as FeSO4; 7 mg Cu as CuSO4, and 20 mg Mn as MnSO4.