Table 3.
Dry matter and nutrient intake of pregnant beef cows fed their treatment diets during the second and third trimesters of gestation
| Treatment1 | LF | CAN | FLX | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trimester | Second | Third | Average ± SD | Second | Third | Average ± SD | Second | Third | Average ± SD |
| Ration DMI | |||||||||
| kg/cow/d | 12.4 ± 1.18 | 13.5 ± 0.47 | 12.9 ± 1.05 | 12.5 ± 1.12 | 13.4 ± 0.36 | 12.9 ± 0.98 | 12.4 ± 1.31 | 13.4 ± 0.40 | 12.8 ± 1.11 |
| % of BW | 1.79 ± 0.17 | 1.82 ± 0.08 | 1.81 ± 0.14 | 1.81 ± 0.18 | 1.84 ± 0.06 | 1.82 ± 0.14 | 1.79 ± 0.22 | 1.82 ± 0.06 | 1.80 ± 0.17 |
| Nutrient2, kg/d | |||||||||
| CP | 1.28 ± 0.13 | 1.39 ± 0.12 | 1.33 ± 0.14 | 1.31 ± 0.13 | 1.44 ± 0.08 | 1.37 ± 0.12 | 1.31 ± 0.15 | 1.45 ± 0.08 | 1.38 ± 0.14 |
| ADF | 4.90 ± 0.59 | 5.31 ± 0.31 | 5.09 ± 0.52 | 4.92 ± 0.65 | 5.24 ± 0.42 | 5.07 ± 0.58 | 4.81 ± 0.61 | 5.17 ± 0.28 | 4.98 ± 0.51 |
| NDF | 7.28 ± 0.74 | 7.88 ± 0.31 | 7.56 ± 0.65 | 7.31 ± 0.84 | 7.82 ± 0.51 | 7.55 ± 0.75 | 7.05 ± 0.94 | 7.64 ± 0.38 | 7.33 ± 0.79 |
| EE | 0.17 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.02 | 0.41 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.02 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.04 |
| Calcium | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
| Phosphorus | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 |
| TDN | 6.71 ± 0.72 | 7.27 ± 0.15 | 6.97 ± 0.60 | 6.84 ± 0.76 | 7.43 ± 0.22 | 7.12 ± 0.64 | 6.86 ± 0.81 | 7.40 ± 0.16 | 7.12 ± 0.66 |
| NEm, Mcal/d | 13.5 ± 1.73 | 14.6 ± 0.34 | 14.1 ± 1.40 | 14.0 ± 1.94 | 15.2 ± 0.76 | 14.6 ± 1.63 | 14.1 ± 1.90 | 15.2 ± 0.35 | 14.6 ± 1.51 |
| ME, Mcal/d | 24.2 ± 2.59 | 26.3 ± 0.54 | 25.2 ± 2.17 | 24.7 ± 2.75 | 26.8 ± 0.79 | 25.7 ± 2.32 | 24.8 ± 2.94 | 26.8 ± 0.59 | 25.7 ± 2.38 |
| MP, kg/d | 0.68 ± 0.05 | 0.72 ± 0.02 | 0.70 ± 0.04 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | 0.76 ± 0.01 | 0.74 ± 0.05 | 0.72 ± 0.07 | 0.77 ± 0.02 | 0.75 ± 0.06 |
| Fatty acid3, g/d | |||||||||
| Total | 156 ± 23.5 | 164 ± 16.5 | 160 ± 20.9 | 361 ± 57.6 | 389 ± 28.4 | 374 ± 48.2 | 367 ± 68.4 | 369 ± 12.9 | 368 ± 50.5 |
| 16:0 | 43.9 ± 6.89 | 46.4 ± 5.12 | 45.1 ± 6.24 | 43.3 ± 11.2 | 49.7 ± 7.76 | 46.3 ± 10.3 | 42.4 ± 8.17 | 45.6 ± 2.49 | 43.9 ± 6.38 |
| 18:0 | 3.09 ± 0.30 | 3.36 ± 0.19 | 3.21 ± 0.29 | 7.47 ± 1.26 | 8.26 ± 1.05 | 7.84 ± 1.23 | 11.4 ± 1.75 | 11.8 ± 0.64 | 11.6 ± 1.35 |
| c9-18:1 | 27.0 ± 5.11 | 26.4 ± 2.91 | 26.7 ± 4.22 | 171 ± 24.0 | 182 ± 15.6 | 176 ± 21.2 | 70.1 ± 14.1 | 70.6 ± 2.67 | 70.3 ± 10.4 |
| c11-18:1 | 1.93 ± 0.35 | 1.96 ± 0.14 | 1.94 ± 0.27 | 12.8 ± 1.50 | 13.8 ± 0.70 | 13.3 ± 1.28 | 3.39 ± 0.57 | 3.49 ± 0.17 | 3.43 ± 0.43 |
| 18:2n-6 | 56.9 ± 8.69 | 61.2 ± 6.82 | 58.9 ± 8.13 | 81.2 ± 15.7 | 87.4 ± 4.57 | 84.1 ± 12.2 | 83.0 ± 18.8 | 84.7 ± 3.37 | 84.0 ± 13.9 |
| 18:3n-3 | 12.3 ± 1.83 | 13.7 ± 0.96 | 13.0 ± 1.63 | 28.3 ± 3.18 | 29.1 ± 2.24 | 28.7 ± 2.80 | 146 ± 24.6 | 142 ± 5.88 | 144 ± 18.4 |
| ∑SFA | 53.8 ± 7.32 | 57.4 ± 5.62 | 55.5 ± 6.80 | 60.0 ± 13.2 | 68.3 ± 9.37 | 63.9 ± 12.2 | 60.7 ± 10.4 | 65.1 ± 3.03 | 62.8 ± 8.14 |
| ∑MUFA | 32.3 ± 6.04 | 31.8 ± 3.35 | 32.1 ± 4.95 | 191 ± 26.6 | 201 ± 16.9 | 197 ± 23.3 | 77.0 ± 15.4 | 77.7 ± 2.77 | 77.3 ± 11.3 |
| ∑PUFA | 69.4 ± 10.4 | 75.1 ± 7.78 | 72.1 ± 9.68 | 110 ± 18.6 | 117 ± 4.19 | 113 ± 14.2 | 229 ± 43.0 | 227 ± 8.11 | 228 ± 31.8 |
1LF = cows fed a low-fat diet; CAN = cows fed a high-fat diet including canola seed based pelleted feed; FLX = cows fed a high-fat diet including flaxseed based pelleted feed.
2EE = ether extract; TDN = total digestible nutrients. TDN was calculated using the Pennsylvania-State equations (Adams, 1980). ME = kg/d of TDN × 4.409 × 0.82 (NRC, 2000). MP is calculated using the NASEM (2016) summative equation.
3∑SFA = sum of saturated fatty acids; ∑MUFA = sum of monounsaturated fatty acids; ∑PUFA = sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids.