Table 1.
Daily dry matter intake, nutrient, and fatty acid composition (average ± SD) of treatment diets fed to beef cows over gestation
| Treatments1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Item | LF | CAN | FLX |
| DMI, kg/cow | |||
| Total | 12.9 ± 1.05 | 12.9 ± 0.98 | 12.8 ± 1.11 |
| Ingredient, % DM | |||
| Hay | 35.0 ± 2.84 | 28.1 ± 2.22 | 29.0 ± 2.73 |
| Barley straw | 37.3 ± 5.34 | 34.9 ± 7.17 | 33.3 ± 4.86 |
| Barley grain | 27.8 ± 5.94 | 8.23 ± 3.98 | 3.08 ± 3.19 |
| CAN pellet | – | 28.8 ± 3.71 | – |
| FLX pellet | – | – | 34.6 ± 6.15 |
| Nutrient,2 % DM | |||
| CP | 10.3 ± 0.50 | 10.6 ± 0.37 | 10.7 ± 0.42 |
| ADF | 39.4 ± 2.31 | 39.2 ± 3.44 | 38.8 ± 2.46 |
| NDF | 58.5 ± 1.93 | 58.4 ± 3.88 | 57.0 ± 3.85 |
| EE | 1.40 ± 0.12 | 3.31 ± 0.16 | 3.27 ± 0.23 |
| Calcium | 0.45 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.46 ± 0.09 |
| Phosphorus | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.01 |
| TDN2 | 54.0 ± 2.26 | 55.1 ± 2.90 | 55.4 ± 2.13 |
| NEm, Mcal/d | 1.09 ± 0.08 | 1.13 ± 0.10 | 1.14 ± 0.07 |
| NEg, Mcal/d | 0.53 ± 0.07 | 0.56 ± 0.09 | 0.57 ± 0.07 |
| Fatty acid,3 % of total | |||
| 16:0 | 28.2 ± 0.70 | 12.3 ± 1.36 | 11.9 ± 0.63 |
| 18:0 | 2.03 ± 0.16 | 2.09 ± 0.10 | 3.16 ± 0.13 |
| c9-18:1 | 16.7 ± 0.91 | 47.2 ± 1.21 | 19.1 ± 0.37 |
| c11-18:1 | 1.22 ± 0.05 | 3.57 ± 0.19 | 0.93 ± 0.03 |
| 18:2n-6 | 36.9 ± 0.70 | 22.5 ± 0.85 | 22.7 ± 0.98 |
| 18:3n-3 | 8.13 ± 0.50 | 7.76 ± 0.83 | 39.2 ± 1.34 |
| ∑SFA | 34.8 ± 0.81 | 17.0 ± 1.34 | 17.1 ± 0.84 |
| ∑MUFA | 20.1 ± 0.99 | 52.7 ± 1.32 | 21.0 ± 0.33 |
| ∑PUFA | 45.1 ± 1.02 | 30.3 ± 1.20 | 61.9 ± 0.74 |
1LF = cows fed a low-fat diet; CAN = cows fed a high-fat diet including a canola seed-based pelleted feed; FLX = cows fed a high-fat diet including a flaxseed-based pelleted feed.
2CP = crude protein; ADF = acid detergent fiber; NDF = neutral detergent fiber; EE = ether extract; TDN = total digestible nutrients; NEm = net energy of maintenance; NEg = net energy of gain; TDN = calculated using the Pennsylvania-State equations (Adams, 1980); NEm and NEg = calculated using the NRC (2000) summative equation.
3∑SFA = sum of saturated fatty acids; ∑MUFA = sum of monounsaturated fatty acids; ∑PUFA = sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids.