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. 2019 Jul 2;9:9564. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45716-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The contractile moment of a two-ASM cell ensemble is compared to that of a theoretical two-cell pair which does not form adherens (cell-cell) junctions. At E = 300 Pa, (healthy ECM), the theoretical pair of two ASM cells with no cell-cell connections has statistically higher contractile moment than the two-cell pairs which form cell-cell borders (p < 0.05, N = 8, Tukey test). At E = 13 kPa, the difference in contractile moment between the experimental two-cell pair and the theoretical pair is no longer statistically significant (p = 0.379, N = 8, Tukey test). The net contractile moment of the experimental two-cell ensemble does increase significantly with increase in ECM stiffness from E = 300 Pa to E = 13 kPa (N = 8, Tukey test, p < 0.05). Data is presented as a box-whisker plot. The box represents the 25, 50 (median) and 75 percentiles of the contractile moments. The whiskers represent the min and max of the contractile moments.