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. 2019 Jul 2;9:9533. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46042-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Effects of initial inoculum size on biomass of cell suspension of F. deltoidea var. kunstleri (n = 3). Different initial inoculums sizes of cell suspension were used and the dry weight was measured. The figure shows that as the initial inoculums size was increased, the dry weight produced also increased. When the size of inoculums was increased, the cell will divide, thus, will produce more cell and the dry weight will be increased. (b) Influence of initial inoculum size on flavonoid production of cell suspension for F. deltoidea var. kunstleri (n = 3). Different inoculums size will directly affect the production of flavonoid produced in the cell suspension. Cell suspension culture is widely used in production of plant secondary metabolites for pharmaceutical industries. Even though as the size of inoculums increased, the dry weight produced also increased, the flavonoid content of the cell was different. The trend produced was sigmoid shape with the size of inoculums 0.5 g/25 mL of media produced the highest. Then, the flavonoid content of the cell was drastically decreased as the size of inoculums increased.