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. 2019 Jul 2;9:9559. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45966-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Intraperitoneal Z-FL decreases lymphocytic infiltration of the LG and increases stimulated tear secretion. 14–15 week old male NOD mice were treated every other day for 2 weeks with i.p. Z-FL at 1, 4 mg/kg body weight. (A) The percentage of LG area occupied by lymphocytic infiltration was significantly reduced by 4 mg/kg Z-FL compared to vehicle alone (n = 10 mice/group, P = 0.04); (B) Carbachol-stimulated tear secretion was assessed, and 4 mg/kg of Z-FL significantly increased tear production relative to vehicle or 1 mg/kg treatment groups (n = 7 mice/group, P = 0.049, P = 0.04 respectively). Data are represented as mean ± SD, a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison was used to compare between treatment groups; (C–E) Representative hematoxylin/eosin stained section of LG are provided from mice treated with (C) vehicle; (D) 1 mg/kg Z-FL; (E) 4 mg/kg Z-FL. Scale bar = 400 µm.