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. 2019 Jul 2;9:9559. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45966-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Topical instillation of Z-FL significantly reduces gene expression of Ctss, Tnf, Ifng, and F2rl1. 14–15 week old male NOD mice were treated twice a day for 6 weeks with 200 µM Z-FL. LG lysates were obtained and assayed for gene expression levels of (A) Ctss (P = 0.01); (B) Tnf (P = 0.01); (C) Ifng (P = 0.03); (D) F2rl1 (P = 0.02). Expression of genes of interest was normalised to expression of the endogenous gene, Gapdh. N = 7 mice/group, data represent mean ± SD. A two-tailed, unpaired Student’s t-test was used to compare between mouse groups.