Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the studied groups
| Control group (n = 38) | PCOS (n = 60) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 26.7 ± 3.8 | 25.6 ± 4.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 3.2 | 24.5 ± 4.3 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 79.9 ± 9.8 | 84.1 ± 13.0 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 99.9 ± 7.9 | 99.2 ± 10.0 |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (IU/l) | 5.7 ± 2.0 | 4.9 ± 1.5 |
| Luteinizing hormone (IU/l) | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 4.8 ± 2.9 |
| LH/FSH ratio | 0.72 ± 0.3 | 1.09 ± 0.8* |
| Total testosterone (ng/ml) | 0.62 ± 0.1 | 0.75 ± 0.2* |
| SHBG (nmol/l) | 67.8 ± 39.8 | 53.7 ± 31.6* |
| FAI | 4.2 ± 2.7 | 6.8 ± 4.9* |
| Prolactin (ng/ml) | 12.6 ± 8.8 | 12.2 ± 6.6 |
| Glucose 0′ OGTT (mg/dl) | 93.5 ± 8.0 | 93.8 ± 8.1 |
| Glucose 60′ OGTT (mg/dl) | 102.8 ± 24.6 | 122.5 ± 38.5* |
| Glucose 120′ OGTT (mg/dl) | 94.8 ± 18.9 | 97.8 ± 23.0 |
| Insulin 0′ OGTT (μIU/ml) | 8.6 ± 2.4 | 10.8 ± 4.8* |
| Insulin 60′ OGTT (μIU/ml) | 51.3 ± 36.1 | 72.5 ± 46.7* |
| Insulin 120′ OGTT (μIU/ml) | 33.9 ± 27.8 | 41.0 ± 30.5 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 1.2* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 176.2 ± 24.8 | 177.4 ± 29.6 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 68.3 ± 16.2 | 68.6 ± 15.9 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 94.8 ± 21.5 | 93.8 ± 25.0 |
| TG (mg/dl) | 64.8 ± 26.6 | 74.8 ± 33.6 |
| Total cholesterol at 120 min OGTT (mg/dl) | 163.3 ± 29.2# | 165.2 ± 26.4# |
| HDL-cholesterol at 120 min OGTT (mg/dl) | 61.6 ± 15.6# | 62.6 ± 17.4# |
| LDL-cholesterol at 120 min OGTT (mg/dl) | 90.0 ± 22.4# | 90.1 ± 22.0# |
| TG at 120 min OGTT (mg/dl) | 58.0 ± 26.5# | 61.8 ± 27.8# |
| TSH (uIU/ml) | 2.373 ± 0.641 | 2.182 ± 0.773 |
| fT4 (ng/dl) | 1.363 ± 0.2 | 1.339 ± 0.196 |
| fT3 (pg/ml) | 2.785 ± 0.508 | 2.852 ± 0.612 |
| TSH at 120 min OGTT (μIU/ml) | 1.645 ± 0.415# | 1.569 ± 0.536# |
| fT4 at 120 min OGTT (ng/dl) | 1.345 ± 0.206 | 1.341 ± 0.205 |
| fT3 at 120 min OGTT (pg/ml) | 2.678 ± 0.484 | 2.691 ± 0.481# |
| SPINA-GD1 (nmol/s) | 22.9 ± 4.6 | 23.6 ± 5.3 |
| SPINA-GD2 (nmol/s) | 22.2 ± 4.6 | 22.2 ± 5.1# |
| SPINA-GD1−SPINA-GD2 | 0.6 ± 5.0 | 1.4 ± 4.3 |
| VT | 11.5 ± 4.6 | 11.0 ± 3.2 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. Differences between the groups are derived from non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test
BMI body mass index, TG triglycerides, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, FSH follicle-stimulating hormone, LH luteinizing hormone, FAI free androgen index, SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, TSH thyroid‑stimulating hormone, fT4 free thyroxine, fT3 free triiodothyronine, SPINA-GD1 sum activity of activating peripheral deiodinases at baseline, SPINA-GD2 sum activity of activating peripheral deiodinases at the 120 min OGTT, VT volume of thyroid gland
*p < 0.05 in PCOS women vs. control group, #p < 0.05 vs. the baseline state