Table 1.

List of themes, categories, and sub-categories used for analysis

Themes	Categories	Sub-categories
1. Religious coping	1.1 Find meaning	Benevolent religious reappraisal Punishing God reappraisal
	1.2 Gain control	Passive religious deferral Active religious surrounding Pleading for direct intercession Pleading for direct intercession Collaborative religious coping
	1.3 Gain comfort and closeness to God	Religious purification Spiritual discontent
	1.4 Gain intimacy with others	Seeking support from clergy or congregation members
2. Spiritual coping	2.1 Gain control	Spiritual prayer
3. Existential coping	3.1 Finding meaning	Search for meaning Appreciating life Life experience and existential feeling Finding meaning in life by hoping
	3.2 Gain control by an inner existential connection with oneself	Positive solitude Self-directing coping
	3.3 Gain comfort and closeness to a higher entity	Nature as a coping method Visualization
	3.4 Gain intimacy with others	Family love Altruism
	3.5 Achieve a life transformation	Finding new meaning for life by changing priorities

In the original theoretical model, more categories and sub-categories are found. However, the above table only consists of categories found in the analysis in the present study