Table 4.
Comparison of blood parameters between Korean Red Ginseng and placebo groups after 6 weeks of treatment
| Variables | Korean Red Ginseng group (n = 32) |
Placebo group (n = 31) |
Group effect |
Group by time effect |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6 weeks | Baseline | 6 weeks | F | p | F | p | |
| Lipid battery [mean (SD)] | ||||||||
| HDL (mg/dL) | 62.66 (17.23) | 60.65 (17.78) | 63.58 (15.47) | 65.63 (17.22) | 0.67 | 0.42 | 1.87 | 0.18 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 103.59 (28.44) | 110.92 (26.62) | 111.45 (31.61) | 105.75 (25.71) | 0.23 | 0.63 | 2.53 | 0.12 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 117.97 (67.51) | 149.65 (81.68) | 124.07 (68.83) | 111.21 (54.26) | 0.38 | 0.54 | 4.11 | 0.048* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 176.03 (30.73) | 185.73 (26.78) | 187.26 (31.43) | 179.50 (24.44) | 0.59 | 0.45 | 3.65 | 0.06 |
| Catecholamine [mean (SD)] | ||||||||
| Norepinephrine (pg/dL) | 296.48 (139.40) | 307.21 (177.87) | 289.83 (119.15) | 314.24 (119.45) | 0.002 | 0.97 | 0.21 | 0.65 |
| Epinephrine† (pg/dL) | 29.17 (1.72) | 27.87 (1.91) | 30.60 (1.80) | 35.00 (2.02) | 4.35 | 0.043* | 2.96 | 0.093 |
| Interleukin (IL) [mean (SD)] | ||||||||
| IL-1β | 0.64 (0.52) | 0.50 (0.53) | 1.38 (0.51) | 0.96 (0.53) | 0.68 | 0.41 | 0.88 | 0.36 |
| IL-2 | 0.87 (0.87) | 1.36 (0.88) | 1.78 (0.85) | 1.34 (0.90) | 0.14 | 0.71 | 1.43 | 0.24 |
| IL-4 | 0.47 (0.38) | 0.79 (0.40) | 0.73 (0.36) | 1.20 (0.43) | 0.56 | 0.46 | 0.05 | 0.82 |
| IL-6 | 0.71 (0.48) | 1.38 (0.50) | 0.82 (0.50) | 0.59 (0.55) | 0.41 | 0.53 | 0.94 | 0.34 |
| IL-10 | 1.07 (1.79) | 1.09 (2.08) | 3.59 (1.79) | 0.96 (2.28) | 0.35 | 0.56 | 0.46 | 0.50 |
| IL-12 | 1.73 (1.24) | 4.56 (1.29) | 0.51 (1.21) | 0.48 (1.41) | 3.71 | 0.059 | 1.43 | 0.24 |
| IFN-α | 3.18 (1.57) | 6.08 (1.75) | 0.78 (1.55) | 1.27 (1.90) | 3.52 | 0.065 | 0.70 | 0.41 |
| TNF-α | 8.98 (1.70) | 11.08 (1.95) | 10.65 (1.70) | 9.04 (2.14) | 0.08 | 0.93 | 1.24 | 0.27 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) (mean (SD) | 0.14 (0.25) | 0.10 (0.15) | 0.07 (0.09) | 0.07 (0.08) | 1.68 | 0.20 | 0.84 | 0.36 |
| Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) (mean (SD) | 114.19 (47.87) | 123.65 (52.42) | 104.73 (14.36) | 107.42 (34.19) | 1.29 | 0.26 | 0.56 | 0.81 |
| HbA1c (mean (SD) | 5.38 (0 .31) | 5.33 (0.35) | 5.47 (0.38) | 5.31 (0.34) | 2.68 | 0.11 | 0.95 | 0.34 |
HbA1c, hemoglobin A1C; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SD, standard deviation; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
Linear mixed model analysis *p < 0.05, † Generalized estimating equation.