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. 2018 Apr 28;43(3):335–341. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.04.004

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© 2018 The Korean Society of Ginseng, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 1 — Types of ginsenosides. (A) Backbone structure of PPD and the different types of ginsenosides with their side chains (R₁, R₂, and R₃) in the PPD group. (B) Backbone structure of PPT and the different types of ginsenosides with their side chains (R₁, R₂, and R₃) in the PPT group. (C) Backbone structures of rare ginsenosides and the different types of ginsenosides with their side chains (R₁ and R₂) in this group. PPD, protopanaxadiol; PPT, protopanaxatriol.