Table 1.

Effects of Panax ginseng on multiple sclerosis.

Component	Experimental model	Results	References
Purified acidic polysaccharide	MOG-induced EAE	(↓) Th1 cytokines; (↓) splenic proinflammatory cytokines; (↑) regulatory T cells	[36]
	PLP-induced EAE	(↓) immune cell infiltration level in the spinal cord; (↓) splenic proinflammatory cytokines; (↓) spinal demyelination; (↓) neurological scores	[37]
KRGE	MBP-induced EAE and MOG-induced EAE	(↓) immune cell activation and infiltration in the spinal cord; (↓) BBB disruption; (↓) proinflammatory cytokine level; (↑) regulatory T cells; (↓) neurological scores	[33], [34]
Rd	MOG-induced EAE	(↓) neurological scores; (↓) IFN-γ level in splenocytes and cerebral cortex; (↑) IL-4; (↑) NGF and BDNF in cerebral cortex and spinal cord	[33], [34]

MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Th1, helper T cell 1; PLP, proteolipid protein; KRGE, Korean Red Ginseng extract; MBP, myelin basic protein; BBB, blood-brain barrier; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; NGF, neural growth factor; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor