Table 1.
Demographic and dietary characteristics of the study participants
| Stage 1: Discovery | Stage 2: Replication | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK Biobank 24 h recall data (n = 85 852) | UK Biobank assessment center data (n = 336 448) | Nurses’ Health Study (n = 10 675) | Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (n = 6618) | Women’s Genome Health Study (n = 22 691) | |
| Age, years | 56.5 (7.7) | 56.9 (8.0) | 52.5 (6.7) | 55.2 (8.7) | 54.7 (7.1) |
| Women | 47 786 (55.7%) | 181 271 (53.7%) | 10 675 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 22 691 (100%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.7 (4.6) | 27.4 (4.7) | 25.5 (4.9) | 25.8 (3.2) | 25.3 (6.7) |
| Total energy, kcal | 2044.0 (432.8) | .. | 1773.7 (489.3) | 1931.4 (551.5) | 1732.4 (524.9) |
| Bitter beverages, servings/day | |||||
| Total | 5.33 (4.00–6.60) | .. | 3.29 (2.11–4.71) | 3.00 (1.43–4.71) | 1.45 (1.12–1.80) |
| Bitter alcoholic beverages | 0.38 (0–1.47) | 0.43 (0–1.29) | 0.07 (0–0.39) | 0.21 (0–0.93) | 0.07 (0–0.19) |
| Bitter non-alcoholic beverages | 4.50 (3.50–5.50) | .. | 2.90 (1.86–4.29) | 2.50 (1.00–3.50) | 1.37 (1.02–1.73) |
| Coffee | 1.50 (0.50–2.67) | 1.10 (0.41–1.39) | 2.50 (1.00–3.50) | 2.00 (0.43–2.64) | 1.25 (0.69–1.50) |
| Tea | 2.67 (1.25–4.00) | 1.39 (0.69–1.79) | 0.22 (0.04–0.90) | 0.07 (0–0.43) | 0.13 (0–0.69) |
| Grapefruit juice | 0 (0–0) | .. | 0 (0–0.07) | 0 (0–0.07) | 0 (0–0.07) |
| Sweet beverages, servings/day | |||||
| Total | 0.83 (0.33–1.50) | .. | 1.22 (0.71–1.93) | 1.21 (0.64–1.93) | 0.86 (0.54–1.29) |
| SSBs | 0 (0–0.50) | .. | 0.07 (0–0.25) | 0.07 (0–0.35) | 0.07 (0–0.24) |
| ASBs | 0 (0–0) | .. | 0.21 (0–0.79) | 0.14 (0–0.71) | 0.36 (0–0.73) |
| Pure non-grapefruit juices | 0.25 (0–0.67) | .. | 0.54 (0.14–1.00) | 0.50 (0.14–1.00) | 0.36 (0.07–0.69) |
ASBs, artificially sweetened beverages; BMI, body mass index; SSBs, sugar sweetened beverages. Values are n (%) or mean (SD) or median (25th percentile to 75th percentile). One serving of a beverage can be 1 cup (e.g. coffee, tea), 1 medium glass (e.g. fruit juice, wine), 1 shot/measure (e.g. liquor/spirit) or 1 pint/bottle/can (e.g. beer, carbonated beverages).