Figure 1.

Phylogenetic representation of Plasmodium lineages. Schematic of phylogenetic tree based on most recent genome information across Plasmodium lineage. The tree is adapted from the recent publication by Boehme et al. (2018). The data show the major Plasmodium lineages: bird (P. gallinaceum, P. relictum) parasites are at the base of the tree whilst Laverania (including P. falciparum and P. reichenowi) are a sister group to other Plasmodium within the clade of mammalian parasites. The latter include rodent malaria parasites (P. berghei, P. chabaudi, P. yoelii) as well as primate (P. knowlesi) and human parasites (P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri, P. vivax andP. malariae).