FIG 1.

Gaussia luciferase (A) or α-l-fucosidase (B) expression in K. lactis in response to different promoters and carbon sources. For each strain, the average protein production from five individual cultures, each inoculated with a single transformant, is shown. Cells were grown in deep-well plates containing YEP medium supplemented with different carbon sources for 48 h at 30°C. Ethanol was added to “glucose + ethanol” cultures after 24 h. Protein production at 48 h was determined by normalizing the activity of the reporter protein (RLU for luciferase or OD₄₀₅ for α-l-fucosidase) to the corresponding cell density (OD₆₀₀) of each culture. Cultures of the wild-type K. lactis GG799 strain were used as negative controls. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean of five different cultures.