Table 1.
Angiogenesis-Related Genes That Are Transcriptionally Activated by HIF-1.
| Target Gene | Protein Name | Roles in Angiogenesis | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| c-MET | c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition | Promotes endotheliocyte motility and vascular formation | (Matteucci et al., 2003) |
| LRP1 | Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 | Regulates vascular integrity | (Woodley et al., 2009; Li et al., 2014) |
| HO-1 | Heme oxygenase-1 | Regulates vascular tone and blood pressure | (Sato et al., 2012; Mathew and Sarada, 2018) |
| GPI | Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase | Tumor-secreted cytokine that stimulates vascular endothelial cell motility | (Zdralevic et al., 2018) |
| MIC2 | CD99 antigen | Inhibits cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and promotes vascular remodeling | (Ohradanova et al., 2008; Llurba et al., 2014) |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor | Stimulates the formation of blood vessels | (Al-Anazi et al., 2018; Fortenbery et al., 2018; Prangsaengtong et al., 2018) |
| EG-VEGF | Endocrine gland–derived vascular endothelial growth factor | Angiogenic growth factor specifically expressed in the ovaries | (Su et al., 2014; Mi et al., 2018) |
| ENG | Endoglin | Regulates transforming growth factor-β–dependent vascular remodeling and angiogenesis | (Bluff et al., 2009; Tal et al., 2010) |
| ET1 | Endothelin 1 | Regulates vascular tone and blood pressure | (Kaul et al., 2013; Ambrosini et al., 2015; Belaidi et al., 2016) |
| LEP | Leptin | Has mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) | (Al-Anazi et al., 2018; Rausch et al., 2018) |
| TGF-β3 | Transforming growth factor beta 3 | Regulates angiogenesis in the developing brain via paracrine signaling to vascular epithelial cells | (Taheem et al., 2018; Tsai et al., 2018) |
| α1β-AR | α1β-adrenergic receptor | Activates vascular epithelial cell proliferation | (Park et al., 2011; Forbes et al., 2016) |
| ADM | Adrenomedullin | Regulates vascular tone and blood pressure | (Sena et al., 2014; Matsumoto et al., 2018) |
| NOS2 | Nitric oxide synthase 2 | Regulates vascular tone and blood pressure | (Magierowski et al., 2018; Pena-Mercado et al., 2018; Suvanish Kumar et al., 2018) |
| TFF | Intestinal trefoil factor | Regulates vascular epithelial restitution | (Miki et al., 2004; Manresa and Taylor, 2017) |
| MMP2 | Matrix metallopeptidase 2 | Regulates vascular patterning and branching | (Sharma et al., 2018; Tyszka-Czochara et al., 2018) |
| PDGFβ | platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β | Maintains vascular stability | (Beppu et al., 2005; Gramley et al., 2010; Hsu et al., 2014) |
| FN1 | Fibronectin 1 | Promotes vascular remodeling | (Kondisetty et al., 2018; Zeinali et al., 2018) |
| PAI-1 | plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 | Promotes vascular remodeling | (Kabei et al., 2018; Peterle et al., 2018; Toullec et al., 2018) |
| UPAR | Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor | Regulates growth factor activation; promotes ECM and vascular remodeling | (Carroll and Ashcroft, 2006; Laurenzana et al., 2017) |
| P4H (I) | prolyl-4-hydroxylase (i) | Regulates vascular collagen production | (Trollmann et al., 2018) |
| ANGPT2 | Angiopoietin-Tie2 | Regulates vascular remodeling | (Yamakawa et al., 2004; Trollmann et al., 2018) |
| KRT19 | keratin-19 | responsible for the structural integrity of vascular ECs | (Copple, 2010) |
| KRT14 | keratin-14 | Responsible for the structural integrity of vascular ECs | (Pahlman et al., 2015) |
| KRT18 | keratin-18 | Responsible for the structural integrity of vascular ECs | (Muller et al., 2018) |