Figure 1.

Oxidants reduce Leishmania braziliensis infection in vitro. Macrophages were infected with L. braziliensis for 24 h, and then exposed to different concentrations of DETC (A,B), H₂O₂ (C,D) for 24 h, Tempol (E,F), and Menadione (G,H) for 24 h. Cells were stained with H&E and assessed for the percentage of infection (A,C,E,F) and the number of amastigotes per 100 macrophages (B,D,G,H) by optical microscopy. Infected macrophages treated with Amphotericin B (AMB) were used as positive controls. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, all comparisons were against negative control (medium).