Table 1.
Literature on piezoelectric energy harvester for pacemaker application
| S. No. | Geometry | Material used | Output (power/energy/voltage) | Power/energy required | Remarks | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fan folded geometry (1 × 1 × 1 cm3) | PSI‐5A 4E piezo sheets | 2.18 µW | 1 µW | Too high natural frequency and impractical | 20 |
| 2 | Fan folded geometry (2 × 0.5 × 1 cm3) | PZT | >10 µW | Leadless pacemakers need <10 µW | Proof mass of 21 g makes harvester too heavy and infeasible. | 21 |
| 3 | Cantilever beam of 0.032 m span length | PVDF | ≃25 V | 5–10 µW | Geometrical constraints are not satisfied. | 22 |
| 4 | Sheet of 8.4 µm thickness | PMN‐PT | 145 µA, 8.2 V | 100 µA, 3 V | Stimulator was readily implemented on live rat. | 23 |
| 5 | Zig‐zag beam of length 27 mm length | PZT‐5A | 10 µW | N/A | Too long for intravenous cavity | 12 |
| 6 | Thin rectangular film on plastic substrate | PIMNT | V oc = 11 V | N/A | Self‐powered deep brain simulation for a live animal | 24 |
| I cc = 285 µA |