Figure 7.

Monocyte and macrophage expression of costimulatory factors. CD40⁺ and CD86⁺ expression in (A, B) Ly6C^low monocytes; (C, D) Ly6C^high monocytes, and (E, F) macrophages at 9 weeks post prime was quantified by multicolor flow cytometry of splenocytes obtained from nontreated naïve (red bars) and NP-vaccinated mice: CS/DS + PCS5 (black bars), CS–PCS5/DS/pIC (white bars), or CS/HA–PCS5/pIC (gray bars). Values represent mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3). Statistical comparison between groups was done using a Mann–Whitney test. Significant statistical differences are represented as * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.01) for comparison between groups and to naïve mice. Key: NPs, nanoparticles; CS, chitosan; DS, dextran sulfate; PCS5, protease cleavage site 5; pIC, poly(I:C) (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid); HA, hyaluronic acid.