Figure 9.

Change in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ central memory and effector memory T cells. The amount of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell subsets expressing (A, C) CD44⁺ CD62L^– (T effector memory – T_EM) and (B, D) CD44⁺ CD62L⁺ (T central memory – T_CM)) was quantified by multicolor flow cytometry of splenocytes from naïve (red bars) and NP-vaccinated mice: CS/DS + PCS5 (black bars), CS–PCS5/DS/pIC (white bars) or CS/HA–PCS5/pIC (gray bars). Values represent mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3). Statistical comparison between groups was done using a Mann–Whitney test. Significant statistical differences are represented as * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.01) for comparison between groups. Key: NPs, nanoparticles; CS, chitosan; DS, dextran sulfate; PCS5, protease cleavage site 5; pIC, poly(I:C) (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid); HA, hyaluronic acid.