Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of RED‐HF participants by whether or not a composite cardiovascular death/heart failure hospitalization occurred during follow‐up
| Characteristic | HF hospitalization or CV death (n = 1019) | No HF hospitalization or CV death (n = 1259) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 71.4 (10.9) | 68.4 (11.7) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 675 (66.2) | 659 (52.3) | <0.001 |
| Race | <0.001 | ||
| White | 765 (75.1) | 784 (62.3) | |
| Black | 94 (9.2) | 108 (8.6) | |
| Other | 160 (15.7) | 367 (29.1) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.9 (23.3–29.7) | 26.5 (23.5–30.4) | 0.055 |
| Smoking | <0.001 | ||
| Current | 52 (5.1) | 45 (3.6) | |
| Former | 446 (43.8) | 401 (31.9) | |
| Never | 520 (51.1) | 811 (64.5) | |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 117 (19) | 122 (17) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 67.3 (10.9) | 71.1 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 496 (48.7) | 559 (44.4) | 0.042 |
| Previous stroke | 98 (9.6) | 81 (6.4) | 0.005 |
| COPD | 214 (21.0) | 153 (12.2) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 431 (42.3) | 316 (25.1) | <0.001 |
| NYHA class | <0.001 | ||
| II | 280 (27.5) | 511 (40.6) | |
| III/IV | 739 (72.5) | 748 (59.4) | |
| LVEF, % | 29.2 (7.1) | 31.2 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Ischaemic aetiology | 793 (77.8) | 868 (68.9) | <0.001 |
| HF duration, years | 4.4 (1.7–8.5) | 3.0 (1.1–7.1) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. | 72.1 (11.7) | 71.8 (10.7) | 0.546 |
| Beta‐blocker use | 854 (83.8) | 1083 (86.0) | 0.141 |
| ACE‐I or ARB use | 880 (86.4) | 1145 (90.9) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | <0.001 |
| NT‐proBNP, ng/L | 3067 (1458–6615) | 1027 (324–2541) | <0.001 |
| Troponin T, ng/L | 35.6 (22.2–53.0) | 19.1 (11.2–31.9) | <0.001 |
| MR‐proADM, nmol/L | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | <0.001 |
| Copeptin, pmol/L | 20.3 (9.4–36.0) | 11.0 (5.4–22.8) | <0.001 |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L | 3.5 (1.3–8.3) | 2.2 (0.9–5.6) | <0.001 |
Values are mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or number (%).
ACE‐I, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; CV, cardiovascular; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; MR‐proADM, mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin.