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Systemic biomarkers, measured in the plasma of patients with heart failure, ideally reflect changes in the heart muscle. For cardio‐specific biomarkers, such as natriuretic peptides and troponins, this is very accurate. However, for many (more novel) markers that are expressed by many organs outside the heart as well, the systemic levels only marginally reflects cardiac production. BNP, B‐type natriuretic peptide. (Illustration: Maartje Kunen, Medical Visuals.)
