Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants at baseline by smoking status
| Current | Past | Never | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 15 cigarettes/day | < 15 cigarettes/day | Total | |||
| Total | 5% (9400) | 3% (5002) | 8% (14,711) | 34% (63,427) | 58% (110,029) |
| Age | |||||
| 45–64 years | 85% (8027) | 83% (4175) | 84% (12,425) | 69% (43,722) | 70% (77,546) |
| 65–79 years | 14% (1269) | 14% (694) | 14% (2024) | 25% (15,982) | 23% (25,449) |
| ≥ 80 years | 1% (104) | 3% (133) | 2% (262) | 6% (3723) | 6% (7034) |
| Men | 51% (4792) | 43% (2175) | 48% (7120) | 53% (33,548) | 38% (42,124) |
| Residing in major cities | 48% (4408) | 51% (2533) | 49% (7099) | 51% (31,783) | 54% (58,685) |
| University degree | 12% (1114) | 19% (946) | 15% (2109) | 23% (14,378) | 29% (31,151) |
| Household income ≥ $70,000 | 21% (1578) | 26% (1051) | 23% (2673) | 34% (17,322) | 37% (31,869) |
| Private health insurance (hospital/DVA) | 39% (3700) | 50% (2502) | 43% (6329) | 65% (41,254) | 71% (78,049) |
| ≥ 15 alcoholic drinks per week | 28% (2528) | 20% (982) | 25% (3561) | 23% (14,540) | 9% (9164) |
| Highest physical activity tertile | 35% (3134) | 37% (1783) | 35% (5008) | 38% (23,745) | 35% (36,901) |
| Physical functioning limitation (MOS-PF < 75) | 23% (1886) | 16% (694) | 21% (2632) | 15% (8371) | 13% (12,510) |
| Body mass index | |||||
| 15 to 19.9 kg/m2 | 7% (578) | 7% (344) | 7% (947) | 3% (1686) | 4% (4361) |
| 30 to 50 kg/m2 | 22% (1929) | 18% (823) | 21% (2812) | 24% (14,417) | 20% (20,431) |
| Doctor diagnosed diabetes | 7% (677) | 5% (266) | 7% (969) | 8% (4975) | 6% (6790) |
| Treatment for high blood pressure | 17% (1552) | 13% (657) | 15% (2259) | 21% (13,566) | 21% (22,717) |
| Treatment for high cholesterol | 11% (1034) | 9% (470) | 10% (1537) | 13% (8540) | 12% (12,927) |
| Taking aspirin | 12% (1164) | 12% (585) | 12% (1786) | 16% (9850) | 13% (14,769) |
Percentages shown in the “Total” row represent proportions of the total study population (n = 188,167). All other percentages represent proportions within smoking status categories. Denominators of the percentages do not include missing data. Number of study participants with missing data: region of residence = 3637; education= 2749; annual household income = 39,060; private health insurance = 5; alcohol consumption = 3606; physical activity tertile = 5713; physical functioning limitation = 22,978; body mass index = 13,753; taking aspirin = 18; smoking intensity = 309; and other variables = 0
DVA Department of Veterans’ Affairs, MOS-PF Medical Outcomes Study–Physical Functioning scale