Changes in 1,25(OH)2D3 levels and Vdr target gene expression during the 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment period in control and 1,25(OH)2D3-treated 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice. a, After treatment with repeated doses of 1,25(OH)2D3, brain levels (black symbols) of 1,25(OH)2D3 rose and fell in unison with those in plasma [gray symbols; from a previous publication (Chow et al., 2013)]; open and filled symbols represent levels in brains of untreated and treated mice, respectively. The lines connect the mean levels. b, Basal mRNA levels of Vdr target genes, Cyp24a1 and Mdr1a, were relatively unaltered in vehicle-treated animals but were increased after treatment. Cyp24a1 levels rose and fell sharply, but Mdr1a mRNA levels were sustained during the dosing period (n = 2–4 for each time point).