Fear conditioning studies: frequency of freezing behavior is partially restored in TgCRND8 mice that received 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Data are mean ± SEM percentage of time mice exhibited freezing behavior before and after the CS. Vehicle-treated non-Tg mice, n = 10; 1,25(OH)2D3-treated non-Tg mice, n = 8; vehicle-treated TgCRND8 mice, n = 8; and 1,25(OH)2D3-treated TgCRND8 mice, n = 10. A one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate differences between groups, with p values determined by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test.