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Schematic diagram showing the relationships among spatial training, PIAS1 expression, CREB SUMOylation, BDNF expression, and spatial memory formation. Spatial training increases PIAS1 expression through activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade (Liu et al., 2013). Increased PIAS1 expression enhances CREB SUMOylation and CREB DNA binding to the gene promoter that upregulates BDNF expression. Increased BDNF expression facilitates spatial memory formation.
